The relationship between employer‐provided training and the retention of older workers: Evidence from Germany

A substantial portion of Germany's workforce will soon retire, making it difficult for businesses to meet their human capital needs; training older workers may help to manage this demographic transition. The authors therefore examine the relationships between employer‐provided training programmes, wages and retirement among older workers. They find that when establishments offer special training programmes targeted at these workers, women – especially low‐paid women – are less likely to retire, possibly because of consequent wage growth. Their results suggest that such targeted training can indeed play an important role in retaining low‐wage older women and advancing their careers.     

The Search for Effective Alternatives to Conservatorship

This article explores outcomes of daily money management (DMM) services for older persons. It is based on research that examined the ability of DMM lo provide an alternative to court-appointed conservatorship that is less restrictive. Results indicate that although he DMM programs studied did not diven older persons from conservatorship, they appeared to offer several important advantages. These included helping older persons secure benefits and services, enhancing their financial security, and reducing financial exploitation.     

Associations between stress at work and attitudes towards retirement in hospital physicians

Abstract

There is a need to understand the associations between attitudes towards retirement in specific occupations and various psychosocial and work-related factors. This study identified correlates of retirement thoughts and retirement preference in hospital physicians. The sample comprised 447 (251 male and 196 female) physicians from three hospital districts in Finland. After adjustment for gender, age and salary, minor psychiatric morbidity increased likelihood of retirement thoughts and retirement preference. Retirement thoughts and retirement preference were more common in doctors reporting low job control, poor teamwork and unjust supervision than in doctors perceiving their working conditions more favorably. Work preference was associated with high overwork. The associations of work characteristics with retirement thoughts and retirement preference largely persisted after control for indicators of health and social circumstances. In conclusion, in addition to demographic and financial factors and health, retirement attitudes in hospital physicians seem to be related to organizational and managerial factors that are potentially amendable to intervention. This has implications for retaining hospital physicians who might otherwise retire.     

“做实做小”个人账户对个人养老金水平的影响

 本文引入养老保险金记账利率和工资增长率，测算了在不同初始缴费工资和缴费年限条件下实施“做实做小”个人账户政策对参保人养老金水平的影响。通过分析得出：1.政策调整后，养老金给付结构较调整前更能体现缴费积累与养老金水平的内在经济联系； 2.政策调整后个人养老金水平普遍不如政策调整前的水平，政策调整后养老金水平高于政策调整前均出现在缴费年限较长以及初始缴费工资较高的情况下；3.政策调整对不同的参保人影响不同。政策调整加大了低初始缴费工资人群的生活压力；拉大了男、女职工退休养老金的差距，不利于当前社会男女平等和贫富分化问题的解决。     

村民自治中“贿选”的法律规制和综合治理

不同时期、不同部门、不同学者对“贿选”所作的界定存在着缺陷和局限性,本文从违法行为构成要素的角度,提出了“贿选”行为的三个构成要件,并将“贿选”与选举中常见的“拉票”行为、“承诺”行为作了区分。“贿选”的法律规制应当包括选举程序规制、实体法律规制和建立司法救济三个方面,从而构建遏制“贿选”的法律框架;综合治理包括五项措施,即促进农村经济发展、提高农民收入水平,加强村集体资产和财务账户的监管,强化村民的民主启蒙和教育,适当弱化村委会的经济管理职能、强化村委会公共服务职能,推进“四个民主”的整体建设和协调发展。     

小城镇建设与农民增收

加快小城镇建设，保证农民充分就业，有效分流农村富余劳动力是农民增收的基本保证。要着力推动小城镇的发展进程，从根本上解决“三农问题”，首先应着力改革现行的户籍制度，以农村社会养老保险制度为重点的社会保障制度来取代传统的土地保障制度，为小城镇建设创造良好的政策和制度环境。     

养老计划倾向与商业养老保险需求——基于CFPS数据的实证研究

养老计划倾向作为一种行为因素，可以通过提高风险认知与管理意图，增加家庭对商业养老保险的需求。利用中国家庭追踪调查数据实证分析养老计划倾向与商业养老保险参保之间的关系，结果显示：（1）计算过养老费用的家庭会系统性地提高参保概率，计算过养老费用与否引致的参保概率差异占样本平均参保水平的40%以上；（2）养老费用计算结果也体现出逆向选择性，预计养老费用越高的家庭越倾向于参与商业养老保险；（3）养老计划倾向还会提高家庭对除商业养老保险外其他类型商业保险的需求，从而提高家庭整体商业保险参与水平。因此，提高家庭的养老计划倾向能有效促进商业养老保险市场，甚至整个商业保险市场的发展。     

中国农村养老的现状与思考

分析了中国农村养老的现状 ,探讨了农村养老存在的问题与面临的挑战 ,提出了农村养老仍然要以家庭养老为主 ,大力发展农村经济 ,坚持党在农村的土地政策 ,积极推进农村社会养老保险 ,因地制宜采取多种办法发展好农村养老事业。     

“新闻”定义刍议

"什么是新闻",一直是新闻学界争论的热点.本文通过对几种典型定义的分析,对新闻定义的相关问题作了探索,并对新闻定义重新作了界定,即新闻是为公众关注的关于新近或正在发生的事实的陈述.     

延退政策之信赖保护原则适用

这些年延迟退休政策一直在我国饱受争议。从社会经济发展趋势来看,延退政策的推行是大势所趋。但是,从我国的行政法治建设来看,我国目前并不适合立即推行延退政策。延退政策是一个需要科学研究、综合考量、审慎推行的公共政策。在如此重大的行政决策制定与推行过程中,我们还需要从行政法上的信赖保护原则出发,认真考量延退政策的正当性问题。