求真务实 开拓创新 与时俱进——论马克思主义科学精神的内涵与坚持

求真务实 ,是马克思主义科学精神的本质属性 ,也是坚持马克思主义科学精神所应具备的基本品质。开拓创新 ,是马克思主义科学精神的外在体现 ,也是坚持马克思主义科学精神所应具有的优良作风。与时俱进 ,是马克思主义科学精神的本质要求 ,也是坚持马克思主义科学精神所应确立的价值目标。三者的统一 ,构成马克思主义科学精神的基本内涵 ,形成坚持马克思主义科学精神的鼎足之势。     

民初逸事小说与鸳鸯蝴蝶派

民初逸事小说与鸳鸯蝴蝶派之间关系密切,民初约有百分之八九十的逸事小说都是鸳鸯蝴蝶派文人创作的。这一方面说明早期鸳鸯蝴蝶派的文人具有关注国计民生的“入世”风格,另一方面,在时代社会潮流及早期鸳鸯蝴蝶派文人自身思想选择的合力作用下,民初逸事小说也形成了鲜明特色。文人强烈的复古主义思想,补正史之缺的传统小说观,以复古思想、平民意识为主的历史观以及写作手法上的史传色彩等,构成了民初逸事小说的“民初特点”。     

退休年龄比较研究

近年来多个国家和地区实施了退休年龄改革,以缓解人口老龄化所带来的养老金支付压力,而我国有关部门也正在研究推迟退休年龄。通过世界172个国家和地区退休年龄的比较,发现我国现行退休年龄制度存在身份差别、低于世界平均水平等不足。根据全球退休年龄改革的趋势,建议我国采取分步走的方式推迟退休年龄。     

提高退休年龄与降低替代率：城镇职工基本养老金的财政支出研究

目前,中国法定退体年龄与最优退休年龄存在不同步的现象,所建最优退休年龄经济模型的结果表明人口死亡概率与最优退休年龄的动态经济规律。按照这个规律,中国目前应提高退休年龄。但通过对城镇职工的年龄预测及对其赡养率和缴费率的敏感性分析,笔者认为解决目前财政压力的关键是适当降低养老金替代率,而提高退休年龄应运步推行。     

Religion,social milieu,and the contraceptive revolution

This study examines how the social environment of religious congregations affects the spread of contraceptive use in developing contexts, using Mozambique as a case study. Analysis of qualitative data collected in urban areas of that country in 1998-99 and of the data from the 1997 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey suggests that, in urban areas, the environment of more socioculturally diverse and inclusive Roman Catholic and mission-based Protestant congregations is more propitious to the spread and legitimization of modern contraception than the milieu of smaller, relatively homogeneous, independent churches. In rural areas, however, sociocultural diversity within and across different religious denominations is minimal, and membership in any formal congregation offers an advantage in contraceptive learning.     

The Relationships between Activity and Quality of Life for Older Men and Women at Different Ages in Taiwan

This study investigated the relationships between types of activity and quality of life (QOL) for older men and women at different ages. Based on cross-sectional data that included 220 community-dwelling elderly persons aged 65 and older in southern Taiwan, the results showed that the participation rates in many activities declined with age for both genders. Social activity and solitary leisure activity were significantly associated with QOL for old-old men, but not for young-old men. Only social activity was significantly associated with QOL for young-old women, but there was no significant association between any activity and QOL for old-old women.     

Disclosing Lesbian and Gay Male Sexual Orientation in Later Life: Attitudes of Younger and Older Generations in Eight Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to explore attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men disclosing their sexual preferences in eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 1,539 participants belonging to three age groups (18–29 years, 60–69 years, and 70 years and over). Their answers to two open-ended questions were content-analyzed, and binary logistic regressions were run on the extreme attitudinal categories. Results showed that although most attitudes were positive, a solid percentage of participants still expressed different kinds of derogatory attitudes. Men (as compared to women) and participants who were more religious and less educated tended to hold more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Both older samples were more prejudiced than the younger one, and attitudes also varied according to country. There was a general trend showing more positive attitudes toward older lesbians and gay men in those countries where sexual minorities’ rights are better assured, which suggests that measures to protect sexual minorities and to make sexual diversity in older age visible could be advisable.     

Caseworkers as a source of hope leading to perceptions of academic success for transitional age foster youth

Research among adolescent samples has consistently demonstrated that a hopeful mindset is associated with resilience and global well-being. Further, research suggests that hope is influenced from an early age from connections with supportive caregivers. However, because older youth in the child welfare system may lack supportive caregivers, alternative sources of hope may be needed. To test a theory that supportive child welfare caseworkers can serve as external sources of hope, we conducted a cross-sectional study of youth in the child welfare system from a single state (N = 149). Using surveys with established scales to measure the variables of interest, the study tested a structural equation model of (1) youth's external hope in their caseworker as a driver of (2) internal hope in themselves leading to (3) more positive perceptions of academic success. Perceptions of academic success were chosen as the final consequence of the model because academic success has been linked to many other variables of well-being across the lifespan. The results indicate that the proposed structural model fits the data well (χ² = 327.9, df = 150; P < 0.001; root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.09 [90% confidence interval – CI: 0.076, 0.103]; comparative fit index [CFI]: 0.920; standardized root-mean-square residual [SRMR]: 0.05). The results indicate that youths' hope in themselves had origins in external hope in the caseworker. Moreover, the final consequence was an increase in perceptions of academic success. Such results have implications by revealing how case management services can positively influence foster youths' hope and thereby influence their academic success.     

Long maternal working hours were linked to obesity,underweight and stunting in children under age 5 in China

This study assessed the relationship between maternal working hours and stunting, underweight and obesity in children under age 5 in China, using data from the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) conducted in 2002 and multivariable logistic regression. We found that maternal work hours 25–40 or >40 h per week were associated with a higher risk for underweight and stunting (under growth) in children under age 5. The association between working 25–40 h per week and stunting was somewhat stronger for children from low-income families and the effect of working >40 h per week on underweight was larger among children from mothers with lower education, although with marginal significance (90% confidence). In contrast, we found that long maternal work hours (>40 h per week) were associated with a lower risk for overweight and obesity in children under age 5. This association was stronger among children from mothers with lower education.     

中国当代女性主义文学思潮的流变

从性别复苏到话语自觉,从父权解构到主体建构,从女权理论到文学实践,是中国当代女性主义文学思潮生成、发展、流变的重要特征和基本内容。在这一强劲思潮的推动和鼓舞之下,当代女性文学的话语空间得到极大拓展,女性写作新的审美机制得以初步建立,女性的自我主体意识和人格价值亦得到进一步体认,实现了自五四女性主义文学思潮之后的又一轮更高层次更大规模的女权启蒙。