青岛农村治理的现状与趋向探析

围绕着农村治理的新问题,青岛农村以村民自治为基本的制度框架,相继探索出了一些农村治理的新模式。目前我国的农村治理日益呈现出多元化发展的趋向,对于农村治理的发展而言,需要充分发挥政府自上而下的权威推动作用,推进基层自治组织的服务职能,发展壮大农村内生力量。     

女性老年人生存状态与社会服务需求的实证分析

根据2010年第三期中国妇女社会地位调查（老年人专卷）数据,在比较城市男性、城市女性、农村男性和农村女性四类老年人生存状态的基础上,对四类老年人的社会服务需求状况进行具体分析。结果发现,农村女性老年人的教育水平最低、健康状况最差、生存状态最劣,她们更加依赖子女等家庭成员提供经济支持,更需要社会医疗、保健和居家养老等方面的帮助和支持。因此,为老年人提供社会服务时需要重点关注农村女性老年人的生存状态与社会服务需求。     

新时期农村妇联工作的困境与对策--基于上海市奉贤区Z镇妇女需求的调研

选取上海市奉贤区Z镇妇女群众和妇联组织进行调查研究,发现目前农村地区妇联组织在工作中存在的主要问题有：行政化色彩较强,联系群众不够;组织保障薄弱,影响作用发挥;妇联干部兼职过多,履职能力不足等。农村妇女的需求主要集中在五个方面：创业就业和技能培训、权益维护、健康保健、亲子教育和扶贫帮困。为此,农村妇联组织要转变工作理念,整合各方资源,创新工作方式,提高为广大农村妇女服务的能力。     

农村家庭伦理价值与代际关系的权变——基于苏北渔村四代同堂家庭的个案调查

家庭作为社会的基本单位,在城市化浪潮和市场化竞争中有其自身的适应逻辑。农村四代同堂家庭虽具传统大家庭同居共食之形,但其价值伦理已经发生权变。即家庭内部以核心小家庭为中心,通过分财独立和空间区隔保持代际成员之间的自主性;代际之间以子代核心小家庭为重心进行资源倾斜,形成亲子关系倒置的理性化关系格局。面对城市化压力和市场化竞争,农村四代同堂家庭在既相互独立又相互依赖的代际分工中形成情利一体的伦理共同体,究其本质是以核心小家庭辐射大家庭的代际关系实践,体现了农村家庭积极理性化的权变策略。     

Quality of care: relationship between the perceptions of elderly home care users and their caregivers

The aim was to study the relationship between elderly home care users', and their caregivers', perceptions of the quality of care. The sample consisted of 151 matched elderly home care user-caregiver pairs in a Swedish municipality. The elderly home care users were interviewed and their caregivers filled in questionnaires using an established, theory-based instrument. Results showed that the elderly home care users evaluated most care components more favourably than their caregivers. On ratings of the various care components' subjective importance to the caretaker, the caregivers consistently scored higher than the elderly home care users. Within the subset of elderly home care users who received help at least twice a day, there were greater similarities between caregivers and caretakers. The results are related to comparable research and discussed in terms of caregivers' needs to legitimize their professional identity and actions.     

南京市高淳区卫生服务团队的实践与思考

目的：对高淳区3年多来的团队服务进行分析总结,了解目前工作现状,及时总结经验。方法：制定问卷对卫生服务团队实施情况进行调查,收集有关数据和文件资料,选取熟悉该项工作的3位卫生院院长进行深入访谈。结果：高淳区所开展的团队服务在健康教育、慢性病规范管理、公共卫生服务等方面取得了一定效果,并促进了居民对于基层医疗服务的利用。医务人员尚未转变的服务理念,人才缺失以及保障和激励措施的不完善是开展团队服务的主要障碍因素。结论：乡镇卫生院和当地卫生部门需加强医务人员的服务理念转变,充实基层人才队伍,落实团队服务的保障和激励机制。     

乡村振兴战略下闲置宅基地盘活利用的现实障碍与破解路径

农村闲置宅基地盘活利用是协调乡村人地关系、优化农村土地资源配置及激发乡村发展活力、促进乡村振兴的重要“引擎”。推进闲置宅基地盘活利用对于激活农村土地要素、盘活农民“沉睡”土地资产、增加农民收入及为实施乡村振兴战略提供用地保障具有十分重要的现实意义。现阶段,农业人口转移市民化进程中的宅基地功能演变和乡村振兴战略下的宅基地功能拓展为推进闲置宅基地盘活利用提供了契机,在实践中具有可行性。在乡村振兴战略下,盘活利用闲置宅基地存在“人的障碍”和“地的障碍”双重制约因素。鉴于此,提出乡村振兴战略下闲置宅基地盘活利用的破解路径：一是激发农民参与的内生动力以有效破解“人的障碍”;二是探索宅基地多元利用,突出服务乡村振兴以有效破解“地的障碍”。     

Intergenerational Coresidence and Nearness in Korea and Japan: Unbalanced Aspects of Family Changes

Abstract  This study aims to explain similarity and difference in geographic proximity between elderly parents and their children in Korea and Japan. Using data sets from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Korea and Japan, this study examines the extent to which needs and kinship of elderly parents and regional constraints influence intergenerational coresidence and nearness.
Results highlight a complex feature of intergenerational relationship in Korea and Japan. Advanced economic and health conditions of Korean elderly parents increase the likelihood of living with children. For Japanese elderly parents, however, coresidence with children is significantly likely to occur in response to their disadvantaged economic status. These results suggest that the elderly Korean are more likely than the elderly Japanese to lack not only economic and health resources but also opportunities in obtaining family support in a time of need.
Characteristics of children, however, show a similar trend between the two societies. Both societies maintain a strong son preference for extended family living arrangement. Eldest children in both societies are more likely than their siblings to live with or near elderly parents. However, children of younger cohorts in both societies are significantly more likely than those of older cohorts to maintain a disperse geographic network indicating a significant change in family attitude among different cohorts.
Finally, this study finds a more disperse family network among rural elderly parents than urban elderly parents in both societies reflecting the fact that massive rural-to-urban migration of young population has contributed to geographic segregation of kinship in these societies.     

Medical Utilization and Health Expenditure of the Elderly in Taiwan

The present analysis, based upon data from the 1989 Taiwan Labor Force Survey, includes two parts. First, the determinants of physician visits and hospitalization by the elderly are analyzed according to the behavioral systems approach, and, second, variation in health expenditures among the elderly are examined using the Tobit model with sample selection. Findings show that elderly with good or poor health conditions are less likely to use medical services than the frail elderly and that married elders are less likely than the non-married to use medical care. The higher the educational level, the lower the probability of using formal medical services, and elderly who have health insurance are more likely to use formal health care than those who have no health insurance. The elderly who live with their children are less likely to use formal medical services than those who do not live with their children. Finally, among the elderly who have used formal health care, individual health expenditures are influenced primarily by three factors: health condition, health insurance, and residential location. Implications for Taiwan's relatively newly established national health insurance program (effective April 1, 1995) are discussed based upon the findings of this research.     

利率市场化条件下农村信用社贷款定价设计

在利率市场化条件下如何合理确定贷款价格,是当前中国农村信用社面临的主要难题之一。其服务对象是农户及农业生产,而农业是弱势产业,农村的担保和保险等中介机构均不发达,员工素质相对不高,内部控制制度落实不到位,会计数据不准,如果直接使用国外常用的利率定价方法,许多项目无法获得准确数据。在对商业银行贷款利率定价方式、利率定价机制存在的问题,以及国外银行常用贷款利率定价方法进行分析的基础上,针对中国农村信用社贷款的具体特点设计出一种新的贷款利率定价方法——基准利率加成定价法,阐述其设计内涵并提出相关建议。