The Impact of Occupational Sex Segregation on Family Businesses: The Case of American Harness Racing

Previous research on occupational sex segregation agrees that the workplace is not an isolated world but instead influences, and is influenced by, other spheres of social life. Identifying specific social factors both internal and external to the workplace, and how these may interact, can provide deeper insights into how occupational sex segregation is created and maintained. This study focuses on individual family businesses in American harness horse racing, a previously unexamined and highly sex‐segregated industry, and provides insights in how vertical and horizontal sex segregation may develop in family businesses. The findings show how the belief that married couples cannot debate and resolve work‐related conflicts without undue strain on their personal relationship leads some of these couples to organize their work into gendered tasks and workspaces, contributing to the maintenance of vertical segregation in the trainer position. The implications for segregation of other solutions, such as operating separate businesses, or working for another business, are less clear.     

性别不平等与艾滋病相关的风险行为——在项目县访谈中的发现

运用社会学实证研究的方法,通过在5个县对商业性性工作者的小组访谈和个人深入访谈,发现性别不平等与艾滋病风险行为之间存在着密切关系,主要表现在选择性工作与传统的性别分工、性行为规范及贫困女性化等有密切关系;不安全性行为与男女的资源控制、权力不平等有必然联系;女性对性和艾滋病认知低下是高危险行为的因素之一。     

徐坤"都市即景"系列作品中的女性意识探究

徐坤的"都市即景"系列作品,对都市职业女性的女性意识特点进行了揭示.现代社会对女性的社会定位和传统文化对女性的家庭定位之间的矛盾冲突,使职业女性处于性别角色分裂的精神困境.她们虽然具有了与男性一样平等的权利和经济上的独立,但她们中很多人内心仍然残留着浓厚的传统性别意识,尚不具备明确和充分的女性自我意识,受制于无法颠覆的男权文化困境.职业女性生活及女性意识在徐坤的笔下,呈现出滞涩而苍凉的轨迹.徐坤对都市职业女性生存现状和精神世界的关注与探讨,对都市文学建设具有极高的思想价值和美学意义.     

SEXUAL PRIVACY AND EARLY SEXUAL DEBUT IN NAIROBI INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS1

The purpose of this paper is to examine sexual privacy as a factor that may influence the relatively earlier sexual debut among the urban poor in Nairobi. 40 focus group discussions were held with people aged 13–17, 18–24, 25–49 and 50+ years, community leaders and service providers in four informal settlements of Nairobi. Lack of sexual privacy was identified as a major problem. Although adults were reported to use various means to acquire some measure of privacy, such as waiting for children to fall asleep, switching off the lights and separating the sleeping areas using curtains, these measures were found inadequate. The participants therefore associated young people's early initiation of sexual activity with lack of sexual privacy. Sexual privacy has not received adequate research attention as a dimension of poverty that influences young people's sexuality. More studies are called for to unravel the specific association between sexual privacy among adults and young people's sexual behaviour. The living conditions of the urban poor should also be addressed to mitigate the effects of lack of sexual privacy.     

广州地区高校大学生性观念状况的调查研究

在对广州地区七所高校 172 0名大学生有关性观念调查的基础上 ,就大学生健康性观念的形成与培养提出若干建议     

"人"在《金瓶梅》中

在古代文学作品中,《金瓶梅》对于人和人性的描写和思考达到了前所未有的高度。它写了人性的压抑、人性的觉醒、人性的扭曲,写出了人的兽性与理性的矛盾与统一。这也是《金瓶梅》在艺术上能塑造出一批真人、活人的重要保证。     

The deinstitutionalization of American marriage

This article argues that marriage has undergone a process of deinstitutionalization—a weakening of the social norms that define partners' behavior—over the past few decades. Examples are presented involving the increasing number and complexity of cohabiting unions and the emergence of same‐sex marriage. Two transitions in the meaning of marriage that occurred in the United States during the 20th century have created the social context for deinstitutionalization. The first transition, noted by Ernest Burgess, was from the institutional marriage to the companionate marriage. The second transition was to the individualized marriage in which the emphasis on personal choice and self‐development expanded. Although the practical importance of marriage has declined, its symbolic significance has remained high and may even have increased. It has become a marker of prestige and personal achievement. Examples of its symbolic significance are presented. The implications for the current state of marriage and its future direction are discussed.     

女性自我的建构:当代女性书写的主体呈现及其内涵

综观20世纪80年代以来女性小说创作,不难发现,女性书写者对女性主体性的探寻呈现出不断变化深入的态势.即从张洁、张辛欣"女人是和男人站在同一地平线上的人"到王安忆、铁凝对女人作为一个性别群体存在的特性的探寻,到林白、陈染文本从个我隐秘的生活、心理层面对性别个体女性自我的追问,再到王安忆<长恨歌>在一种平易的日常状态中展现女性个体生命的世俗形式及意义,营造一个世俗、民间的女性自我.     

“性权利”应率先进入“妇女法”——一种理论的说明

在目前,作为一种基本人权的性权利,已经进入了国际人权文件。由于“妇女法”是中国妇女的人权法,因此,性权利率先进入妇女法就既是必要的,也是可能的,这样做具有重要的社会现实意义。     

人类的性、爱及性爱的哲学分析

爱和性合为性爱。爱是倾向性好的感情 ,人在青少年期萌生指向性的爱 ,最初为思念。性是异性间合而为一的欲求。爱和性随着生理的成熟一同到来。人对性是用身体来认识 ,对爱是用心来认识 ,二者殊途但终合为一 ,即性爱。性爱可以分为有爱的性交、无爱的性交和无性交的爱三种。爱与性交一方面具有相互的规定性 ,另一方面还有单方面的规定性。性爱是面向完全的、理想者的。性爱的原动力是理念 ,性爱前瞻性地志向于尚未存在的将来。