文化定型表述的功能句法分析

文化定型是跨文化交际讨论较多的一种表述,由于和歧视和偏见关联密切,关于定型的讨论由来已久。研究从功能句法的角度展开讨论,并考察名词化、评价以及及物性系统中的关系过程和心理过程等要素在构建文化定型中的作用,目的是运用功能语言学的框架厘清文化定型表述的句法特征。文章认为从功能句法考察文化定型,有助于我们对其保持觉察,并且对跨文化交际话语中的文化定型有更为清晰的认知。      

论送别诗创作的模式化倾向——以岑参送别诗为个案

我国古代有"饯别必赋诗"的送别传统。到了唐代,送别诗的交际功能逐渐加强,已不仅仅限于"传情言志",而使其充分发挥了"可以群"的社会交往功能。在集体创作的场合下,为了应酬的需要,文士们必须储存一套可供临时发挥、及时套用的模式。岑参的送别诗正具此特点。他的探题分韵所赋之作,在形式和内容上都形成了模式化倾向。在形式上,表现为"三部式"、"两部式"。内容上,在语言、意象、描写场景等方面都有一定类型化表现。可见,送别诗的模式化倾向在初盛唐已初露端倪,这为中晚唐送别诗创作走向模式化奠定了基础。     

Asian images portrayed in the websites of US higher education institutions

Using a purposive sample of 265 US colleges and universities, the analysis identified 378 Asian models from 8,319 human models. Results showed Asian students to be under-represented on the web compared to their proportion in the student body, whereas African Americans were proportionately represented. Instead of stereotypical portrayals, Asians appeared neutral in terms of power positions.     

从汉语称赞应对的发展看文化定势之悖论

随着跨文化交际学的深入发展 ,一些关于某种文化侧面的文化定势 (stereotype)就随之出现了。但是 ,一成不变的定势在有些时候也会造成跨文化交际方面的障碍。笔者收集了 1,2 80条称赞应对 ,发现称赞应对现在有较大比例是属于同意别人的称赞。因此 ,如果沿用过去的应对模式 ,就会造成文化悖论     

王维:一个画史概念的重构与迁流——兼谈20世纪中国美术史叙事格法的转捩

作为艺术典范的王维同样伴随着画史"王维"概念的流衍,本文以此为线索考察"王维"在唐、宋、明末等不同时期内涵上的置换及其日益功能化过程,探求在王维概念理解的歧义效果中,作用在其中的相关因素;现代形态的美术史研究对脸谱化王维的合法性不断发生质疑,美术史叙事格法发生了突破学科疆界的捩转。     

Rhotacization and the ‘Beijing Smooth Operator’: The social meaning of a linguistic variable1

Recent sociolinguistic studies on style have focused much attention on the construction of social meaning in situated discursive practices. Despite a general recognition that the linguistic resources used are often already imbued with social meanings, little research has been done on what these meanings may be. Focusing on rhotacization, a sociolinguistic variable in Beijing Mandarin, this article explores its imbued social meanings and sociocultural associations. I demonstrate that rhotacization takes on semiotic saliency through co‐occurrence with key Beijing cultural terms and frequent use in written representations of authentic Beijing‐ness. Furthermore, this feature is associated with the ‘Beijing Smooth Operator,’ a salient male local character type, and is ideologically construed as reflecting its characterological attributes. The findings of this study shed light on the meaning potential of a linguistic variable, rhotacization in this case, which can enhance understanding of the possibilities and constraints for its use and meaning in new contexts.     

刻板印象下的华裔女性之自卑——谭恩美《喜福会》中的华裔女儿形象

谭恩美在《喜福会》中塑造的第二代华裔女儿身上,都不同程度存在着因为将刻板印象内化而形成的自卑。自卑只是这些华裔女性在种族歧视下产生的表面失衡,而究其深处则是族裔身分的迷失。处于夹缝状态的华裔女儿们最终在母亲的鼓励下建立自信,走出自卑。这几位华裔女儿形象尽管有落入刻板印象窠臼之处,却是作者基于真实生活所独创的新华人形象,而且面对美国主流文化庞大的霸权话语,这种独创本身就是一种"反话语"。     

论历史记忆对民族偏见形成的影响

民族偏见的形成与历史记忆的转述密切相关。一方面,历史记忆的植入与“强权”使得民族偏见的产生与传播成为可能,另一方面,与经济、政治、阶层等社会因素相比,根植于历史事件与历史文化土壤中的民族偏见更容易“合法化”为一种与他族的交往经验,以致造成民族隔阂。积极倡导民族宽容,增加不同民族间的接触与交往,客观、辩证地看待个别历史事件是消除民族偏见、维护民族关系和谐发展的重要前提。     

上海人刻板印象的结构及其动态变化

探讨了上海人刻板印象的结构及其动态变化。通过预调查,搜集描述上海人的形容词800个,按出现次数和语义相关性,得到28个刻板形容词。采用自编问卷对685名大学生进行施测。结果发现：（1）刻板印象的结构包括负面个性、正面个性和生活方式三个维度;（2）沪籍大学生和非沪籍大学生在三个维度上有显著差异,表现出内群体偏好的倾向;（3）负面个性和正面个性具有稳定性,但生活方式维度随来沪时间发生显著变化。     

Sociodemographic Differentials of the Self-rated Health of the Oldest-old Chinese

This study explores the correlation between sociodemographic factors and theself-rated health status of the oldest-old Chinese (80 and older). The data werefrom the Healthy Longevity Survey in China conducted in 1998. We applied astereotype ordered regression model to capture the ordinal nature of the responsevariable. We found that age group, sex, living arrangement, educational attainment,and occupational history were associated significantly with the self-rated healthstatus of the oldest-old Chinese, and the elderly with lower social status tended tonegatively evaluate health status. We reached the conclusions after controlling suchvariables as the capacity of physical performance of daily activities and chronic diseases.