刻板印象:影视误读的话语主体——以电视剧《乔家大院》的解读为例

在影视解读过程中,阅读行为与文本结构之间存在着冲突,这种冲突往往由阅读者的阅读期待所致。刻板印象导致阅读期待,是影视误读的真正话语主体。     

跨文化广告传播与多元语言文化现象分析

广告是一种重要的跨文化传播形式。广告受文化的影响,在多元文化多元语言的社会中,由于文化的特殊性,其中包含文化意义的广告,可能造成消费者接受的困难。要正确认识多元文化的含义,体现广告的文化多样性,是实现广告在国家内部———世界范围的跨文化传播的前提。我国广告传播显多元文化趋势,要借鉴西方国家广告的传播经验,顺利进行多元文化、多元语言社会中的跨文化广告传播。     

Social Perception and Stereotyping: An Interpersonal and Intercultural Approach

Social perception and stereotyping have been important issues in social and cross-cultural psychology for most of the 20th century. After briefly reviewing its history, the current article discusses social perception and stereotyping from the interpersonal and the cross-cultural perspective. Specifically, these issues are presented along a dimension ranging from intraindividual, to intragroup, to intergroup perception. First, the discussion of interpersonal perception emphasizes social perception in a face-to-face context. Though this section may appear to be technical and complicated to some readers, this level of detail is necessary to elaborate a most basic version of the componential approach to interpersonal perception. Second, the section on social stereotypes discusses social identity theory and the ingroup and outgroup homogeneity effects. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of lingering concerns in research on social perception and stereotypes.     

传统固有观念的心理暗示与中国学生的测试表现

在美国,研究已经多次证明关于智力的否定性固有观念会妨碍受这些固有观念影响的个体的成绩表现。在中国,认为女性在数学上弱于男性的观念已经持续了很长时间。本文通过一项程度颇深的数学和英语测试,对中国大学生进行了关于传统固有观念暗示理论的研究。在数学测试中,研究的假设是：同美国测试者的表现相似,受“性别数学”固有差异观念影响的女性测试者的成绩要比不受固有观念影响的人差;而在英语测试中,研究则假设受“性别语言”固有差异观念影响的男性会比不受此种观念影响的人得分低。然而测试的结果并没有证实这两个假设。研究结果对当今中国现存的社会和教育因素进行了讨论。     

中国古典文学中的寡母形象

中国文学中的寡母形象几乎从未受到人们的足够重视,本文试图以比较文学的主题学研究方法,借助西方女权主义批评,解读这一特殊群体——寡母类型,并探计其形成的文化原因。     

中国人性别角色量表的建构及其与心理社会适应的关系

本研究的目的是建立中国人的性别角色量表,并探索不同性别角色类型的个体其心理社会适应水平的特点.研究一根据5 000多名被试对中国人人格量表项目的反应挑选出男女被试有显著差异的项目,经过因素分析建立了各由30个项目组成,分别由七个和六个因素构成的中国人男性化和女性化量表,并据此将被试划分为未分化、女性化、男性化和双性化四种性别角色类型.研究二则比较了不同性别角色类型与心理健康的关系,表明在中国被试中双性化的个体心理社会适应水平最低、女性化个体心理社会适应最好.这一结果与Bem关于双性化的假设是截然相反的.本研究从中国文化与性别角色的关系对这一结果进行了解释,提出了中国文化是女性化文化,同时又是反男性化文化的假设,并对进一步研究的方向进行了讨论.     

Young Children's Perception of the Elderly

Abstract

Young children's perceptions of the elderly were examined using Child-Adolescent Facts on Aging Quiz in order to assess what relationships exist between perception and contact with the elderly, gender, and age. Comparisons were also made between the findings in this study and a previous one in the United States of America. One hundred and twenty respondents comprising fifty males and seventy females from two primary schools answered the questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 10.6 years and about 63% had at least a living grandparent. The results revealed that the mean percentage error was 47%. Item 6-“most older workers do not work as well as younger workers” had the highest error rate of 83% while item 4-“old people are not as strong as younger people” had the lowest error rate of 16%. All the three variables were found not to have any influence on the respondent's perception of the elderly. Some similarities and differences in perception of the elderly were found in the Nigerian and American samples. The implications of these findings are discussed and further areas of research suggested.     

Joint Modeling of Survival and Longitudinal Ordered Data Using a Semiparametric Approach

Medical research frequently focuses on the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and survival time of subjects. QoL may be one of the most important factors that could be used to predict survival, making it worth identifying factors that jointly affect survival and QoL. We propose a semiparametric joint model that consists of item response and survival components, where these two components are linked through latent variables. Several popular ordinal models are considered and compared in the item response component, while the Cox proportional hazards model is used in the survival component. We estimate the baseline hazard function and model parameters simultaneously, through a profile likelihood approach. We illustrate the method using an example from a clinical study.     

Model selection for mixture‐based clustering for ordinal data

One of the key questions in the use of mixture models concerns the choice of the number of components most suitable for a given data set. In this paper we investigate answers to this problem in the context of likelihood‐based clustering of the rows of a matrix of ordinal data modelled by the ordered stereotype model. Two methodologies for selecting the best model are demonstrated and compared. The first approach fits a separate model to the data for each possible number of clusters, and then uses an information criterion to select the best model. The second approach uses a Bayesian construction in which the parameters and the number of clusters are estimated simultaneously from their joint posterior distribution. Simulation studies are presented which include a variety of scenarios in order to test the reliability of both approaches. Finally, the results of the application of model selection to two real data sets are shown.     

区域刻板印象的心理学实证研究——以甘肃和内蒙古原著居民为研究对象

目的:探讨不同区域间是否存在刻板印象差异.方法:采用自编区域刻板印象形容词评定量表对来自甘肃和内蒙古的254名被试进行测评分析.结果:甘肃人区域刻板印象由六个因素组成;区域间刻板印象存在显著差异;城乡间刻板印象存在显著差异.结论:区域刻板印象存在区域间的差异,并且区域文化是主要影响因素.