论词语的内涵意义与常规范型

根据词语的内涵意义和外延意义与常规范型的关系,以及如何在ETF中引导学生运用常规范型及词典提供的概念意义来推断词语在语境中的内涵。这样的学习过程有利于提高学习者对语言的理解和鉴赏水平,以此培养他们的获取词语的内含和推断信息的能力。     

Dealing with powerlessness: The strategic use of ingroup stereotypes

Abstract

Several studies have shown the impact of legitimacy on dealing with group power disadvantage. In the present paper we focus on the impact of internal legitimacy (i.e., the ingroup's appraisal of the fairness of its own powerless position) on the ingroup stereotype as a way of contesting the power disadvantage. Results show that especially in the internal legitimate conditions (i.e., when the ingroup seems to accept the low status position), participants reacted by way of overemphasizing the positive stereotypic dimension (warmth, Study 1), or contradicting the negative ingroup stereotype (perceiving the ingroup as less incompetent, Study 1 and 2). The last strategy was used especially by those highly identified with the ingroup, and when the legitimate/illegitimate argument is supported by a small ingroup sample (i.e., low social constraint, Study 2). Such responses can be understood as a social creativity strategy to contest the ingroup's disadvantaged and powerless position.     

传统女性的刻板模式与男性审美视角的矛盾——以中国古代姬妾妓娼现象为例

随着封建礼教的强化,中国女性的传统模式不断被刻板化,但刻板化的女性模式却与男性审美视角有很大的矛盾。受人性本能与文化发展的双重影响,男子的审美标准并非刻板统一,他们既喜欢性情温柔、举止有礼的妇女,也爱慕长相美丽、体态窈窕的女子;既欣赏多才多艺、聪慧机敏的女性,也渴求风流妩媚、懂得风情的女人;既希望女性缺少个性以服务于家族需要,又盼望女性具有迷人的魅力以满足自己的心理需求。因为传统女性的刻板模式不能满足男子真正的需求,所以中国古代的男子热衷于纳妾养姬、挟娼嫖妓。     

NAMES,LABELS, AND IDENTITIES: SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXTS AND THE QUESTION OF ETHNIC CATEGORIZATION

This article addresses a relatively unexplored topic: the meaning and use of names and labels for ethnies and nations. It has been said (by Anthony Smith and others) that a nation is a “named” ethnic community. In the same sense, an ethnie is a “named” categoric group. The labeling of an ethnic or national categoric group by the group is often a self-conscious political act of identification reflecting its image and self-image and serving a variety of purposes: the achievement of collective self-respect, self-legitimation, adaptation and assimilation, differentiation, and self-exclusion, just as labeling by others is associated with legitimation or de-legitimation and positive or negative discrimination. The assigning of ethnonyms is a function of the sociopolitical context, ideology, and public policy.     

Different Strokes: The Chinese Male Subject in The Chickencoop Chinaman and M. Butterfly

Abstract

By reading The Chickencoop Chinaman and M. Butterfly together, this paper argues that they construct the Chinese male subject in pronouncedly different if not opposed ways – one by overplaying ‘masculinity’ to comic proportions out of an anxiety of desexualization and the other by overplaying ‘effeminacy’ to the point of female impersonation that questions the ‘intrinsic truth’ of gender itself – thus articulating the divided reaction of a raced and gendered community to a historic condition it had long been mired in. I would also argue that both plays are fraught with inner contradictions in their conceptualiza- tion of the subject. In Chickencoop, the male subject becomes a prisoner of normative Western manhood, which has simultaneously been challenged by black as well as Chinese conceptions of masculinity, and therefore remains inconsistent in its perception of its own maleness. And in M. Butterfly male subjectivity fails ultimately to transcend the framework of normative hetero- sexuality that it had played with all along. Yet, when it comes to the castrating impact of hegemonic Western masculinity on the Chinese/Oriental man, it is M. Butterfly which self-reflexively suggests greater possibilities for him to move beyond the restrictive boundaries of gender/sexuality and experiment with alternative masculinities. The paper examines in the process the relationship of homosociality and effeminacy to homosexuality in Chinese culture in China as well as in the Westthe Westthe West.     

华裔男性刻板印象的解构与英雄本色的重构

华裔美国男性作家笔下的华裔男儿们,对现实中被“阉割”或被“白化”的血缘父亲深感失望和厌恶,他们力图颠覆美国白人主流社会强加于华裔男子的刻板印象,在为主流湮灭的华裔历史以及中国传统文化典籍中寻觅理想中的“精神父亲”——高大而阳刚的华裔英雄;在中美文化夹缝中建构华裔父系的英雄主义传统和华裔男性形象,重建华裔美国人的光辉历史。唯有重建一个能够代表中华文化传统和华人男子真正特质的华人英雄形象,才能完全取代美国种族主义者别有用心的荒谬而虚假的华人刻板印象,让华人乃至美国人重新认识华人及其文化,以此增强华裔族群的凝聚力,有效抵御美国的文化霸权及种族主义。而“儿子”们理想的父亲应该刚柔并济,具有中华传统文化中的儒雅与正义,也具有英勇与阳刚之气,在中西文化的土壤中,在精神上引领着“儿子”们不断前进和成长。     

打破刻板：电影《刀马旦》中女性形象分析

一直以来,独特的女性形象在徐克的电影中都是一道不可忽视的风景。徐克从不把自己电影中的女性往传统妇德典范的标准来塑造,这也是徐克区别于其他男性导演之处。其导演的《刀马旦》作为一部“三个女人共演的一出戏”在当年充斥着“阳刚美学”氛围的香港影坛并不被看好。而最终在影片呈现出的三个女性形象,却是颠覆了电影银幕上女性只是作为“花瓶”存在的刻板印象。     

“职业刻板印象”与理工科女大学生就业难原因探析

本文从当前职业刻板印象存在的各种表现入手,通过对职业刻板印象对理工科女大学生就业所产生的影响进行探讨,以期发现理工科女大学生就业难的原因,真正解决当前所存在的实际问题。     

The importance of sector‐stereotypical images in relation to job pursuit intentions

This study broadens the concept of employer image and demonstrates the relevance of applicants’ sector image when looking for employment in either nonprofit or for‐profit organizations. We apply the Stereotype Content Model to conceptualize image through perceived competence and warmth and use multilevel analyses on data from final‐year Master’s students. Results show the importance of the sector‐stereotypical image and are partially in line with our hypotheses. Job pursuit intentions for specific organizations are predicted by both the organizations’ as well as the respective sectors’ perceived warmth and competence. Pursuit intentions for the for‐profit sector are predicted only by the image of that sector. However, the intention to pursue employment in the nonprofit sector is predicted by both its competence and warmth as well as by the perceived warmth of its organizations. These findings are discussed in view of a trickle‐down effect and compared to previous findings on sector image among consumers.     

西方对中国西藏的媒体建构之文化解读——兼论西藏对外形象重塑的思考

长期以来,西方对于西藏的媒体建构呈现出诸多"刻板印象".文章从西方文化集体无意识的角度切入,探讨了造成这些"刻板印象"和"集体误读"的文化主因;并分析了西方媒体对藏报道中使用的"他者化"新闻框架.最后,就西藏如何通过改善传播手段重塑其对外形象提出了建议.