国内外二语词汇损耗研究述评

词汇损耗研究是语言损耗研究的重点。通过对国内外三十多年来大量的二语词汇损耗实证研究进行梳理分析,结果发现这些实证研究大体可以分为两类,即对词汇损耗本身的研究和对词汇损耗的影响因素研究。对前者的整理发现多数研究表明词汇比二语的其他层次（如语音、形态-句法等）更易遭受损耗,产出性词汇比接受性词汇更易损耗;对后者的分析发现影响词汇损耗的因素很多,包括外部因素、学习者内部因素以及与词汇有关的因素。文章最后谈及国内外二语词汇损耗研究对我国外语词汇教学的一些启示。     

中国油港低碳绿色化发展的影响因素分析

构建低碳绿色油港应首先明确影响中国油港低碳绿色化发展的因素。运用系统分析的方法,提出中国油港低碳绿色化发展的8个因素、21个子因素,以帮助识别油港发展的＂非低碳、非绿色＂因素并找出其薄弱环节,同时在国内低碳绿色油港的建设方面为主管部门和相关企业提供决策参考。     

t-Latinized Designs

A variety trial sometimes requires a resolvable block design in which the replicates are set out next to each other. The long blocks running through the replicates are then of interest. A t -latinized design is one in which groups of these t long blocks are binary. In this paper examples of such designs are given. It is shown that the algorithm described by John & Whitaker (1993) can be used to construct designs with high average efficiency factors. Upper bounds on these efficiency factors are also derived.     

文化视角下的旅游英语翻译

语言翻译是一种交际活动,与语言、文化密切相关。当前,旅游业空前繁荣,旅游英语翻译成为旅游这一文化交流活动中含有重要文化因子的关键环节。在旅游中,英语翻译与不同民族与国家之间的文化差异有直接关联。翻译质量的好与坏与旅游景点的文化因子的信息处理是否恰当密切相关。通过从文化角度来透视旅游英语翻译的技巧与策略,对比不同的文化差异所带来的翻译差异,从而探讨旅游英语翻译的方式与方法。     

Nutrient intake in day workers and shift workers

Abstract

The 24-h dietary intake, nutritional status parameters and psychosomatic factors of two-shift, three-shift and day workers were compared. Estimations of the dietary intake (across a work cycle) were made by use of a nutrient database. No significant differences were found between the groups for a large number of nutritional variables: intake of energy; intake and percentage of energy from protein, fat, total carbohydrates and sucrose; intake of coffee; and intake and density of vitamins and minerals. Only minor differences were found between the groups with regard to the quantitative intake of alcohol and calcium, and with regard to the quality of the diet (percentage of energy from alcohol, density of calcium). The groups differed significantly with respect to attitude towards work hours (three-shift workers being most negative in their attitude) and sleep disturbances (shift workers being most negative). The three-shift workers were more evening-oriented and they had higher concentrations of glucose in their blood. It was concluded that work hours not related to nutritional intake—at least not when total amounts across time are considered. It was also concluded that work hours were not related to Body Mass Index or blood lipids: triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.     

Class and ideological orientations revisited: an exploration of class‐based mechanisms

Studies of the relationship between class position and political outlooks still only have a limited understanding of the class‐related mechanisms that matter for ideological orientations. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that link class position and left/right and authoritarian/libertarian orientations. Besides main factors such as income, career prospects, job security, education, class origin and class identification, the significance of work‐related factors such as work autonomy, working in a team, a physically demanding job and a mentally demanding job is studied. The findings are based on a survey specifically designed for this purpose and collected in Sweden in 2008/2009. A great deal of the association between class position and left/right orientations is explained by socio‐economic conditions; different classes sympathize with policies that will benefit them economically. Another important factor is class identification. Work‐related factors also have relevance, but the effect of class position on left/right orientations works mainly through the remuneration system. Class position is also related to authoritarian/libertarian orientations. However, this relationship is less explained by socio‐economic position per se, but is rather an effect of the educational system and its allocation of the workforce into different class positions. It also turns out that work‐related factors do not explain the class effects; however, a physically demanding job shows a unique effect. Overall, our findings suggest that besides factors such as class position, income, education and class identification, we need to consider work‐related aspects to derive a more complete understanding of the distribution of ideological orientations in Western societies.     

县级电子政务建设的现实困境和解决路径

县级电子政务是国家电子政务体系的纽带,服务性与公众性突出,具体事务复杂多样。由于受资金投入有限、技术人才缺乏、资源共享欠缺、服务能力较弱和建设环境较差等制约因素的影响,现阶段县级电子政务建设仍面临着一些现实困境。科学审视当前发展中的制约因素,融入市场、培养人才、整合资源、升级服务、优化环境已成为当前县级电子政务走出困境、谋求可持续发展的有效路径。     

Violence in the nursing profession: Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses

Abstract

In a national study of the work environment, physical, and mental well-being of more than 2600 Swedish nurses, 30% reported having experienced violence at work. Possible association between violence and a range of occupational, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics were studied. Stepwise multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to further examine risk factors for violence. Occupational factors with significant correlations to workplace violence were nursing discipline (type of ward or facility), years of work experience, supervisory responsibilities, night work, work dissatisfaction, work-related musculoskeletal injury, and frequency of patient handling. Demographic/lifestyle factors related to violence were age, gender, smoking, coffee consumption at work, and use of alcohol to relax after work. The best fit linear regression model explained 17% of the variance in violence, 13%, of the variance in threat of violence. The logistic regression model confirmed an increased risk of violence and threats in psychiatric and geriatric settings. However, much remains unexplained about the aetiology of violencc in health carc settings. This report provides the basis for a pilot intervention study currently in progress.     

英语口语习得者心理状况与英语口语水平的关系研究

以200名大学本科生为研究对象,采取问卷调查、随机访谈和语言测试相结合的手段,对英语口语习得者的心理因素之间的关系,以及各因素与英语口语水平之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明：第一,英语口语习得者的个人心理因素对口语习得者的英语水平影响显著,且个人心理因素之间相互影响。英语口语水平较低及较高的习得者的自信性及学习兴趣强于中等水平者,而中等水平者的焦虑感却高于英语口语水平较低及较高者。第二,社会心理因素即学习动机、学习方法及学习环境与习得者的口语水平存在一定的相关性,各因素之间成正态分布。因而得出结论：个人心理因素是影响口语习得的内因,而社会心理因素是外因。     

语境与语篇连贯

连贯是语篇最基本的特征之一 ,影响语篇连贯有多种因素 ,语境则是其中之一。在语言学习过程中拟对语境在语篇连贯中的功能进行分析 ,探讨语境与连贯之间的关系 ,揭示语篇连贯的某些成因与机制是必要的