家庭结构、重大疾病和农村劳动力迁移

在四川省大样本农户调查数据基础上,利用Probit模型分析了家庭结构特征对农村年轻劳动力迁移的影响。研究发现在控制个人特征的前提下：三代同堂家庭显著支持了年轻劳动力外出,而核心家庭对劳动力的外出有显著负面影响;家庭中有未成年人会限制年轻劳动力的外出;年轻配偶的重大疾病显著地影响了年轻人的外出老年人的严重疾病反而促使年轻劳动力外出,但如果家庭中存在未成年人,则老年人的严重疾病会对年轻劳动力迁移产生显著负面影响。研究结果突出体现了当前中国农村劳动力迁移在很大程度上是一种家庭内部的分工行为,在制定社会保障政策时应该予以重视。     

清末官制改革的社会环境

清末官制改革是大清帝国将要走到尽头的一次努力挣扎 ,也是国家体制向现代化迈进的前奏曲。它所面临的社会环境是复杂的 ,它是近代中国社会几股政治势力共同作用的结果。其中有列强的干预 ,西学的影响 ,改革派的努力以及各派势力的权力争夺。这次官制改革虽然没有能够挽救清王朝的历史命运 ,但是人们从中不仅可以看到难以逆转的历史发展趋势 ,也能体会到历史进步的艰难     

北京市终端能源消费及碳排放变化影响因素

近些年,北京市能源消费需求不断增加,能源对外依存度较高,资源瓶颈问题日益突出.基于LMDI方法定量分析了1996—2009年北京市第一、第二、第三产业终端能源消费的变化特征,研究影响北京市二氧化碳排放变化的主要因素及各因素的贡献程度.研究结果表明:调整产业结构起到的影响作用正逐渐减弱,而降低能源强度能够有效抑制终端能源消费和二氧化碳排放量的增加.虽然优化能源消费结构的作用在目前并不显著,但未来仍有很大发展空间.因此,北京市在快速发展经济的同时,应该重视转变经济增长方式,优化产业结构调整,降低能源强度及碳排放系数,提高能源利用效率,以减缓能源消费及二氧化碳排放的增长速度.     

Mental Illness in Assisted Living: Challenges for Quality of Life and Care

ABSTRACT

An unknown number of mentally ill elders in the United States receive care in assisted living, along with persons facing physical or cognitive challenges. While dementia is familiar in assisted living, our data indicate that neither staff nor residents are prepared to work or live with the mentally ill. Challenges are created for professionals, since these residents bring diverse needs. Daily interresident interactions are also disrupted or stressful. Qualitative data describe the impacts on quality of resident life as well as care and management dilemmas identified within five assisted-living settings having varying presence of mental illness among residents.     

Hip Hop,empowerment, and clinical practice for homeless adults with severe mental illness

This article focuses on the use of a music and empowerment-based group as a vehicle for engagement, and therapeutic, and social-emotional benefits with homeless adults coping with severe mental illness in a shelter setting. The authors present a conceptual framework that includes case illustrations to capture the group process. The group was guided by the MUZUZE Hip Hop and empowerment framework, which is meant to facilitate well-being as evidenced by indicators of social-emotional learning and empowerment-based positive youth development. The authors found that the use of Hip Hop helped foster well-being via pathways of individual and community empowerment. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

Social Workers' Experiences of Virtual Psychotherapeutic Caregivers Groups for Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,Stroke, Frontotemporal Dementia,and Traumatic Brain Injury

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the challenges for social workers who transition from facilitating face-to-face psychotherapeutic groups to online web-based video groups with family caregivers of persons with chronic disease. Study data consisted of survey responses of a group of therapists who had facilitated a series of web-based video-conferencing caregiver groups over a period of 4 years. All therapists were trained using an intervention training manual and weekly supervision. They received minimal training with regard to using technology (computers, Internet, web cams, and headsets). Despite reported challenges in how the technology affected the group process, therapists described overall positive experiences transitioning from face-to-face to working online. All therapists reported that group interactions and client outcomes in the Internet environment were overall comparable to those that occur in face-to-face groups.     

Racial Differences in Attitudes Toward Professional Mental Health Treatment: The Mediating Effect of Stigma

Stigma associated with mental illness continues to be a pervasive barrier to mental health treatment, leading to negative attitudes about treatment and deterring appropriate care seeking. Empirical research suggests that the stigma of mental illness may exert an adverse influence on attitudes toward mental health treatment and service utilization patterns by individuals with a mental illness, particularly African Americans. However, little research has examined the impact of stigma on racial differences in attitudes toward seeking mental health treatment. This study examined the hypothesis that stigma partially mediates the relationship between race and attitudes towards mental health treatment in a community-based sample of 101 African American and White older adults. Multiple regression analyses and classic path analysis was utilized to test the partial mediation model. Controlling for socio-demographic factors, African American older adults were more likely to have negative attitudes toward mental health treatment, and they also reported more public and internalized stigma than their White counterparts. As hypothesized, the relationship between race and attitudes toward mental health treatment was partially mediated by internalized stigma, suggesting that internalized stigma may cause older adults to develop negative attitudes about mental health treatment. The partial mediation model was not significant for public stigma, however. Implications for social work research and practice are discussed.     

Somatic illness and psychosocial risk among military Amerasian adolescents and young adults in Luzon,the Philippines

There are very few empirical mental health studies of military Filipino Amerasians, progeny of United States servicemen and Filipina national mothers abandoned during overseas duty. A preliminary finding in a 3-year, multiple-case study focusing primarily on stigmatization-related psychosocial risk and stress and their relationship to core mental health symptomatology showed elevated prevalence (56%) of somatic illness and probable somatization disorder among the sample (N = 16). Somatic complaints were categorized as a mental stress factor in the overall study showing (62.5%) scoring severe levels of anxiety, depression or stress using the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The unexpected presence of somatic illness is noteworthy and with palliative implications for medical and clinical social workers and allied health professionals. Such practitioners are likely to encounter Amerasian clients who apparently number well over 50,000 throughout the archipelago, and treat Amerasians having experienced racial stigmatization and presenting psychosomatic physical ailments possibly masking somatization complications and psychopathological disorder.     

Health and multidimensional disability at older age in South Korea: Applying the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) Framework11

This study examined whether health conditions and service-related environmental factors (i.e. accessibility and infrastructure) affected multidimensional disability (i.e. body function, activity and participation), considering service-related environmental factors as moderators. The sample included 10,451 Korean adults aged 65 and older. The main findings revealed that the number of chronic illnesses negatively influenced multidimensional disability. Better accessibility positively affected all three disability dimensions, whereas infrastructure had different associations with each dimension. Additionally, only infrastructure moderated the associations between chronic illnesses and activity capacity and chronic illnesses and participation frequency. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are discussed.