Work disability and migration in the early years of welfare reform

The inter- and intra-state migration of American families with work-disabled members is a neglected area of empirical study. Longitudinal migration and health status data from the 1996 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) are merged with state-level welfare policy indicators to investigate migration behavior under welfare reform’s emphasis on requiring work and encouraging reliance on social support networks. We use a nested discrete-choice event history model that incorporates the departure decision and interstate destination choice in a single model that tests the effects of state-level welfare policy and economic opportunity characteristics, with state fixed effects, plus family sociodemographic characteristics and social networks, as the basis for comparing migration of families with and without work disabilities. The results show that although families with disabilities and illnesses are less likely to migrate than other families generally, they are “pushed” to migrate if they live in states that do not exempt them from TANF activities requirements. Furthermore, in-migration is inhibited by stringent state welfare illness exemption rules and high state unemployment rates. Intrastate migration is more likely among families who received family and community social support, regardless of work-disability status.     

Urban Depression Patients Should Receive Public Attention

正In China,although some celebrities like Leslie Cheung and Yang Kun openly disclosed their symptoms of depression and many people have heard about depression,few people really understand and pay attention to depression.Not long ago,the famous American comedian Robin Williams committed suicide due to depression,which upset many people.However,generally,people still believe that depression is only a"mood disorder",and     

Positive Connections: a programme for children who have a parent with a mental illness

Mental health professionals working with parents who suffer from a mental illness often overlook the children within the family. Children whose parents are mentally ill face numerous obstacles to their own emotional development and these children are at higher risk for developing mental illnesses than other children. These risks can be decreased if protective or positive interventions are available for the children. This article will describe the development and implementation of Positive Connections, an effective intervention programme specifically designed for children whose parents have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. The effectiveness of this programme has been evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative research strategies, and the results are presented.     

论文学作品中的医学人文价值——从桑塔格戏剧中的疾病书写说开去

美国"明星"作家苏珊·桑塔格的八幕剧《床上的爱丽斯》是她毕生最重要的一部剧作。剧本关注史实人物爱丽斯·詹姆斯困居病榻的悲剧一生,从独特的视角展示了桑塔格其人对疾病主题的人文关怀。桑塔格力求通过剧本创作帮助病者摆脱从生理性疾病向精神性缺陷转移的定势,具有深刻的医学人文价值。     

多因素下累积分红寿险合同的公允定价模型

累积分红寿险合同的价格受死亡、退保、最小保证利率、年度分红和终了分红政策等多种因素影响,与一般分红寿险合同相比,其最重要的特征是存在终了分红权,现有研究鲜有建立这些因素共同影响下的终了分红权定价模型,以确定累积分红寿险合同的公允价值。为此,文章把传统精算定价理论与金融未定权益估值理论相结合,分4个步骤建立了多因素下累积分红寿险合同的公允定价模型和终了分红权的定价模型,并分析了死亡率、最小保证利率、年度分红率、终了分红率和退保因素等对终了分红权的影响,给出了不同影响因素下累积分红寿险的年均衡保费。通过蒙特卡罗方法对定价模型进行了模拟计算,并与传统的定价模型进行对比,研究发现：终了分红权的价值要高于退保权,终了分红的存在抑制了退保;随着死亡率、最小保证利率、终了分红利率的上升,无风险利率、年度分红率、资产波动率的下降,终了分红的价值呈现增加的趋势。     

Leveraging risk assessment for foodborne outbreak investigations: The Quantitative Risk Assessment-Epidemic Curve Prediction Model

Root cause analysis can be used in foodborne illness outbreak investigations to determine the underlying causes of an outbreak and to help identify actions that could be taken to prevent future outbreaks. We developed a new tool, the Quantitative Risk Assessment-Epidemic Curve Prediction Model (QRA-EC), to assist with these goals and applied it to a case study to investigate and illustrate the utility of leveraging quantitative risk assessment to provide unique insights for foodborne illness outbreak root cause analysis. We used a 2019 Salmonella outbreak linked to melons as a case study to demonstrate the utility of this model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019). The model was used to evaluate the impact of various root cause hypotheses (representing different contamination sources and food safety system failures in the melon supply chain) on the predicted number and timeline of illnesses. The predicted number of illnesses varied by contamination source and was strongly impacted by the prevalence and level of Salmonella contamination on the surface/inside of whole melons and inside contamination niches on equipment surfaces. The timeline of illnesses was most strongly impacted by equipment sanitation efficacy for contamination niches. Evaluations of a wide range of scenarios representing various potential root causes enabled us to identify which hypotheses, were likely to result in an outbreak of similar size and illness timeline to the 2019 Salmonella melon outbreak. The QRA-EC framework can be adapted to accommodate any food–pathogen pairs to provide insights for foodborne outbreak investigations.     

Former Athletes' Illness Stories of Brain Injuries: Suspected Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and the Entanglement of Never-Aging Masculinities

Examining former athletes' health-related beliefs and behaviors on the long-term effects of concussions and potentially developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) offers a domain to understand how men renegotiate their masculinities. In this paper, we explore how the cultural production of the concussion crisis shapes the ways in which men athletes make sense of self and their masculinity in the face of declining health. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 27 male, former athletes, this article examines the multiple ways in which gender shapes their experience and treatment of traumatic brain injuries or suspected CTE. We show how men are re-negotiating their aging masculinities through illness narratives and how the cultural production of the concussion crisis in sports shapes these narratives. We break down our analysis into three sections: (1) reflections of chaos narratives and stories of never-aging masculinities, (2) the ways the concussion crisis shapes their restitution narratives, and (3) quest narratives combining never-aging and aging masculinities. Whether or not these athletes have or are treated for CTE, we argue that they reformulate their masculinity to regain control over their manhood and to feel a sense of relief.