试论民事诉讼中的拟制自认

拟制自认可以分为不争执型拟制自认、不知陈述型拟制自认和消极行为型拟制自认。辩论主义、当事人真实义务、陈述义务和具体化义务、诉讼促进义务、经验法则等共同构成拟制自认的法理基础。当事人经法官释明后仍放弃对不利主张进行争执应承担拟制自认的不利后果,并不许追复;当事人对于应该知悉的事实作不知陈述构成拟制自认,但允许其在本审程序结束前追复;当事人的某些消极诉讼行为亦可构成拟制自认,但应从严认定,且一般不许追复。     

转型时期政治社会化及其有效性分析

政治社会化的核心内容是政治文化的传习,政治体系通过对于社会中主流政治文化的传播与教育,达到培养公民政治认同、提升公民政治素质的目的。转型时期由于社会发展的复杂性,作为政治文化传习的政治社会化也必将是一个长期而复杂的过程。为提高政治社会化的有效性,除了政治文化在传播和教育工程中的内容与方法的创新与发展以外,还需要经济、政治和社会的和谐发展。     

证券市场监管效率研究

证券市场监管主要是一种政府行为,而政府监管失灵的存在大大降低了证券市场监管的有效性.仅仅加大对违规者的处罚力度,只能在短期内抑止违规,却会使监管者在长期内有更多的不尽职,而加大对监管者不尽职的处罚,不仅可以在短期内使监管者尽职,而且在长期内可以抑止违规现象.加强对监管者的监管与约束,是提高监管效率的有效途径之一.     

合法性困境与价值观创新——生态伦理学现实之思

为了创新中国生态伦理学,摆脱西方话语的控制,采用对比的方法,对生态伦理学界的延伸说和突破说进行了深入分析,指出:生态伦理学合法性问题一直没有得到很好的解决,最终都陷入了合法性的困境。但生态伦理学又具有明显的创新价值:这是人类第一次以伦理学学科的形式系统地提出了人与自然之间的伦理关系,人与自然有着共同的价值基础,地球是全人类拥有的共同家园。     

村规民约的效力基础与国家法的契合

内生于乡土社会的村规民约经历了从传统到现代的创造性演进过程,在乡村治理中发挥着重要的秩序整合作用。近代以来,乡土社会的剧烈变革不断解构着村规民约的社会权力基础,国家权力向乡村地域的下沉不断冲击着村规民约的生存空间,村规民约面临着巨大的发展困境。这时,能够契合现代乡村公共精神和“乡民社会”向“市民社会”转型期的契约性权力便进入了视野,这种基于同意而形成的社会权力作为村规民约的效力基础最具理性和持久力。契约性权力为村规民约提供了权力支持,有利于实现村规民约与国家法在共生共存基础上的有机契合。     

在事实性与有效性之间——论哈贝马斯对新分析法学和新自然法学思想的超越

在哈贝马斯看来,法律是事实性与有效性的统一,其对二者关系的分析对于重新审视新分析法学与新自然法学的分歧提供了新的理论视角。新分析法学仅专注于法律事实性,而新自然法学则过于强调法律有效性,因而使各自理论在一定程度上陷于困境。哈贝马斯以交往行动理论为基础的程序主义法律观试图弥合以往法学理论对法律的事实性与有效性的分裂,是对新分析法学和新自然法学思想的超越。     

冷战后欧美国家承认研究——国际机制有效性的视角

西方欧美国家一直是国际法中国家承认构成说的坚定支持者。有研究指出,在冷战后,欧美国家在国家承认的规则中增加了越来越多的诸如民主和人权等规范性内容。但是,从机制有效性角度出发,通过对冷战后全球出现的38个政治实体进行统计分析后发现,关于欧美国家承认中规范性规则并不是有效的,因为它既不是欧美主要国家决定是否承认这些政治实体的关键因素,同时,也没有改变这些政治实体的行为,比如,促进政治实体内部的自由度。相反,传统承认标准,比如居民、确定的领土、政权组织和主权,仍然是获得欧美国家承认的必要条件。之所以如此,一个重要原因是国家承认机制问题所具有的特殊属性。     

Concept mapping internal validity: A case of misconceived mapping?

Since the early 1990s, the concept mapping technique developed by William M. K. Trochim has been widely used by evaluators for program development and evaluation and proven to be an invaluable tool for evaluators and program planners. The technique combines qualitative and statistical analysis and is designed to help identify and prioritize the components, dimensions, and particularities of a given reality. The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative way of conducting the statistical analysis to make the technique even more useful and the results easier to interpret. We posit that some methodological choices made at the inception stage of the technique were ill informed, producing maps of participants’ points-of-view that were not optimal representations of their reality. Such a depiction resulted from the statistical analysis process by which multidimensional scaling (MDS) is being applied on the similarity matrix, followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) on the Euclidian distances between statements as plotted on the resulting two-dimensional MDS map. As an alternative, we suggest that HCA should be performed first and MDS second, rather than the reverse. To support this proposal, we present three levels of argument: 1) a logical argument backed up by expert opinions on this issue; 2) statistical evidence of the superiority of our proposed approach and 3) the results of a social validation experiment.     

Measurement invariance matters: A case made for the ORTOFIN

In this paper, it is argued that the measurements of an underlying, latent variable cannot straightforwardly be used in group comparisons without testing whether the measurements relate to the latent variable in the same way for all groups. The procedure for testing this is discussed and is illustrated by assessing measurement invariance across groups with a different socio-economic status (SES) for the ORTOFIN, a scale measuring an individuals’ orientation toward finances [Loix, E., Pepermans, R., Mentens, C., Goedee, M., & Jegers, M. (2005). Orientation toward finances: Development of a measurement scale. The Journal of Behavioral Finance, 6, 192–201]. The results show that one factor of the ORTOFIN, i.e. ‘‘financial information”, is invariant across SES groups while ‘‘personal financial planning” lacks measurement invariance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

Health Care Students' Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual Health in Their Future Profession: Validity and Reliability of a Questionnaire

ABSTRACT

To test the reliability and validity of the Students' Attitudes Towards Addressing Sexual Health Questionnaire (SA-SH), measuring students' attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future professions. A cross-sectional online survey (22 items) were distributed to 186 nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students in Sweden, April 2015. Validity and reliability were tested. The construct validity analysis led to three major factors: present feelings of comfortableness, future working environment, and fear of negative influence on future patient relations. The construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and intrarater reliability showed good results. The SA-SH is valid and reliable.