大学英语成绩测试中的信度和效度

成绩测试是大学英语教学中必不可少的一个环节,是检测一定阶段学生学业成绩和教师教学效果的手段。而成绩测试中衡量测试结果的两个重要特性是信度和效度。了解信度和效度的研究目的和内容,才能设计客观、公正、科学而有价值的成绩测试试题,完善成绩测试的评价体系。     

英语专业四级口试故事复述评分标准效度论证

对专家评分员在无引导评分过程中的口头报告分析表明,语法词汇及表达、复述内容、流利度、语音语调这四个方面是英语专业四级口试故事复述任务的主要考察因素。按照由高到低的比例,依次是语法词汇及表达、复述内容、语音语调和表述流利度。因此,应将流利度纳入故事复述评分标准,避免仅将语音语调和语法作为故事复述评分的侧重点。同时,应该丰富和细化故事复述任务评分标准在优秀、良好、合格与不合格四个层级的描述,以提升评分的科学性、客观性及公正性,进而充分发挥英语专业四级口试在高等学校英语专业英语教学中的导向作用。     

现代金融创新对凯恩斯货币政策有效性的影响分析

金融创新扩大了货币供给主体,使货币定义和计量复杂化,金融创新放大了货币乘数。同时,金融创新减少了货币需求量,改变了货币内涵和需求结构。金融创新从政策工具、中介目标、传导机制方面对凯恩斯的货币政策有效性提出挑战。金融创新降低了存款准备金机制的作用,削弱了再贴现政策的效用,强化了公开市场业务的作用。金融创新对利率、货币供应量、汇率等中介目标进行着影响。金融创新使传统的传导机制受阻。     

The Validity of Social Media–Based Career Information

The use of social media expands the availability and sources of career information. However, the authorship of this information has changed from traditional print media and multimedia sources created by experts to social media–based career information created by the users themselves. Although variability in career information validity has been an issue for some time, rapid growth in the use of social media creates some unique challenges. The ease with which social media–based career information can spread creates the potential for rapid widespread dissemination of disinformation and biased perceptions. Potential sources of invalidity include intentional bias (with or without profit motive), unintentional bias, restricted range of experience, out‐of‐date information, popularity bias, similarity bias, and context deficiency. The authors examine potential sources of social media–based career information invalidity and suggest implications for practice to help individuals make the best use of such information.     

A software reliability growth model addressing learning

Goel proposed generalization of the Goel–Okumoto (G–O) software reliability growth model (SRGM), in order to model the failure intensity function, i.e. the rate of occurrence of failures (ROCOF) that initially increases and then decreases (I/D), which occurs in many projects due to the learning phenomenon of the testing team and a few other causes. The ROCOF of the generalized non-homogenous poisson process (NHPP) model can be expressed in the same mathematical form as that of a two-parameter Weibull function. However, this SRGM is susceptible to wide fluctuations in time between failures and sometimes it seems unable to recognize the I/D pattern of ROCOF present in the datasets and hence does not adequately describe such data. The authors therefore propose a shifted Weibull function ROCOF instead for the generalized NHPP model. This modification to the Goel-generalized NHPP model results in an SRGM that seems to perform better consistently, as confirmed by the goodness of fit statistic and predictive validity metrics, when applied to failure datasets of 11 software projects with widely varying characteristics. A case study on software release time determination using the proposed SRGM is also given.     

知觉的确定性与可错性——基于胡塞尔现象学的考察

知觉认知的确定性是认知者关于外部世界的知识有效性的一个基础。怀疑论从每一个知觉都可能是错的出发,对知觉认知的确定性发起了挑战。关于知觉的现象学研究表明,知觉经验在原则上是开放的,即具体的知觉认知是可错的和可修正的,所以不具有最终的确定性。然而,现象学关于知觉的先验论证表明,我们的知觉仍然是朝世界开放的,是关于外部世界的认知。无论对于理解知觉认知的本质,还是对于回应极端的怀疑论,胡塞尔的知觉现象学仍然具有重要的理论意义。     

从政策网络视角分析新阶层政治参与的效度问题

从政策网络视角研究新阶层政治参与的效度,开辟了研究新阶层政治参与的新途径。从政策网络视角研究新阶层的政治参与效度问题,其核心是政策网络的集成度问题。网络学习机制是提升政策网络集成程度,进而提高新阶层政治参与效度的内在机制。构建网络学习机制需要按照网络学习的内容逐步递进,根据学习层次逐渐深化,从而不断提高新阶层政治参与的效度。     

浅析文本类型对阅读测试效度的影响

通过相关性分析、单因素方差分析等统计学方法分析了长篇阅读文本（小说）、中长篇阅读文本（论说文）及短篇阅读文本（应用文）对同一种题型——多项选择题的效度影响。结合对英语专业学生泛读能力的培养要求,比较了三种文本类型的测试效度,提出泛读测试试卷开发的新思路。     

大学生关爱留守儿童社会实践的德育实效性研究

“育人为本,德育为先”,创造性地开展德育工作对于高校的思想政治工作者具有重要意义。本文中,作者从对德育内涵和其实效性研究入手,着重分析了大学生关爱留守儿童社会实践活动的德育实效性,在此基础上提出了构建提高90后大学生德育水平的长效机制。     

证据协力义务视野下的民事非法证据排除规则

证据协力义务的范围与强度同非法证据的数量呈反比例关系.最高人民法院<关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定>通过制度化的方式确立了民事诉讼中的非法证据排除规则.然而,司法实践中却屡屡出现对非法证据的效力作出截然相反认定的案例.非法证据排除规则在民事诉讼中的非正当性造成了上述困惑.应以证据协力义务取代民事非法证据排除规则,同时对已形成的非法证据不予排除,并追究非法取证者的刑事、民事责任.