对构建党的政治合法性的思考

合法性是权力的一种形态,是“没有权力的权力”,是任何政权都必须要认真面对的问题。21世纪的今天,作为执政党的中国共产党,必须考虑政治现代化问题以及在现代化进程中的“合法性运动”问题,以建构、加强党的政治合法性。     

Methodological Problems in Research on Treatments for Pathological Gambling

These common methodological problems affect the usefulness of pathological gambling (PG) treatment research: (1) Most PG etiological models derive from substance abuse; (2) Most PGs recover on their own and few seek treatment, so PGs in treatment studies may not be representative; (3) Data on treatment-seeking PG women, older adults, and minority group members, or on group, marital, and psychodynamic approaches to PG, are sparse; (4) Little research has examined the impact of comorbidity on PG treatment response; (5) Design deficiencies burden many PG treatment studies.     

关于<中华人民共和国合同法>的几点看法

<合同法>区分了合同成立与合同生效,并分别作出了具体规定,却否定了合同生效的相关规定.一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立的合同,规定了两种不同的法律后果,既不利于司法操作,又有悖于"合同当事人的法律地位平等"的原则.债权人转让债权时,如果在明显增加债务人的履行难度、风险或费用的情况下,法律应规定债务人有拒绝转让的权利.第189条规定既不合法也不切实际.     

Trends in Bio-Behavioral Gambling Studies Research: Quantifying Citations

Both the National Gambling Impact Study Commission and the National Academy of Sciences have evaluated the current state of gambling studies research in general while making specific suggestions for future efforts in the psychological and biomedical areas in particular. Recognizing the importance of evaluating the state of the field on a macro level, this paper considers and categorizes several decades of psychological and biomedical gambling research. By examining the number of references to gambling in two major bibliographic databases, quantifiable trends and observations are presented about gambling-related psychological and biomedical research. Two trends in particular are salient: the rate at which gambling-related articles are published in scholarly journals is increasing, and the plurality of these articles deals with issues of cognition and personality as related to gambling.     

A software reliability growth model addressing learning

Goel proposed generalization of the Goel–Okumoto (G–O) software reliability growth model (SRGM), in order to model the failure intensity function, i.e. the rate of occurrence of failures (ROCOF) that initially increases and then decreases (I/D), which occurs in many projects due to the learning phenomenon of the testing team and a few other causes. The ROCOF of the generalized non-homogenous poisson process (NHPP) model can be expressed in the same mathematical form as that of a two-parameter Weibull function. However, this SRGM is susceptible to wide fluctuations in time between failures and sometimes it seems unable to recognize the I/D pattern of ROCOF present in the datasets and hence does not adequately describe such data. The authors therefore propose a shifted Weibull function ROCOF instead for the generalized NHPP model. This modification to the Goel-generalized NHPP model results in an SRGM that seems to perform better consistently, as confirmed by the goodness of fit statistic and predictive validity metrics, when applied to failure datasets of 11 software projects with widely varying characteristics. A case study on software release time determination using the proposed SRGM is also given.     

Political elites and the pragmatic paradigm: Notes from a feminist researcher - in the field and out to lunch

This essay seeks to offer some reflections on doing research with political elites where those elites also happen to be women. It tries to show some of the excitements and frustrations of doing research with elite subjects in elite settings, when the researcher is always the stranger and the person with the least power in an otherwise very powerful and intimidating environment. It addresses some of the tensions in 'doing' feminist research with women with whom the researcher does not empathize and discusses the extent to which those differences actually matter when ranged against the much bigger considerations of gender and patriarchal relations.     

Factorial Validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Drunk Drivers versus College Students

ABSTRACT

Secondary analysis was undertaken on the data from two previous studies involving the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Test results for 257 multiple offender drunk drivers and 505 college drinkers were compared. Exploratory factor analysis were run to examine the factorial validity of the test's hypothesized constructs. Internal consistency reliability was 87 with drunk drivers and 76 with college drinkers. Factor analyses of the AUDIT failed to validate the existence of its three hypothesized constructs regardless of sample population; a review of Eigenvalues indicates that there is a two-factor structure to the test with these populations. These factors are labeled problem drinking and hazardous drinking. The test was generally reliable. It is suggested that when using rapid assessment instruments in social work practice settings like those in the original studies, that their conceptual structure be evaluated for context specific validity.     

Court Ordered Multiple Offender Drunk Drivers: Validity and Reliability of Rapid Assessment

ABSTRACT

The Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedules' (AUDADIS) DSM-IV related items are used to evaluate the convergent validity of the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SAD-Q), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) with persons convicted for multiple offences of driving under the influence. A total of 187 participants underwent semi-structured interviewing; of these 84% were alcohol dependent. The instruments exhibit acceptable internal consistency (all alphas > .85) as well as test/re-test reliability (all r = s ≥ .85). The MAST converged most closely with a DSM-IV diagnosis. Implications for rapid assessment instrument research as well as practice in public agencies are discussed.     

Generalizing from PRSA to public relations: How to accommodate sampling bias in public relations scholarship

One of the major challenges to conducting externally valid, quantitative scholarship in public relations is accessing samples of practitioners that are willing to participate in academic research. One sampling frame would naturally be the membership of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), which is the world's largest professional association for public relations practitioners. Yet, even if the question of access were resolved, there still remains the question of external validity, i.e., the issue of whether and to what extent the membership of PRSA (or any other sampling frame) reflects the population of public relations practitioners in general.