中华鳖聚缩虫病病原的生物学特性研究

本文研究发现,中华鳖聚缩虫病病原为聚缩虫（Zoothamniumsp）,其分类地位隶属于原生动物门,纤毛纲,绿毛目,钟形上科,聚缩虫属。聚缩虫（Z．sp）呈树枝状群居于中华鳖体表面引起聚缩虫病。动物应激试验证明,聚缩虫对次氨酸钠、石灰水、氨水等碱性溶液敏感,易导致虫体萎缩,甚至解体。     

新乡市第一人民医院儿科1997年至2008年急性感染性疾病的耐药性变迁

目的 了解新乡市第一人民医院儿科1997年1月至2008年9月急性感染性疾病主要病原菌分布及耐药情况.方法 采用全自动微生物鉴定系统及纸片扩散法(K-B法)对2 733株菌株进行药敏试验.结果 在2 733株病原菌中革兰阴性菌占59.4%,革兰阳性菌占36.4%,真菌占4.2%.对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷白菌、铜绿假单胞菌高度敏感抗菌药物为亚胺培南、多粘菌素.革兰阳性菌中占前三位的为金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌,是儿童急性感染的主要菌群.耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的比例逐年升高,2005年至2006年、2007年至2008年与2001年至2002年相比均有显著性差异(P=0.003或P=0.024).耐药率较低的抗菌药物为万古霉素、亚胺培南等.金黄色葡萄球菌多对青霉素、红霉素和阿奇霉素产生耐药性,且耐药率近年有普遍增高趋势.凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌耐药率逐年增高趋势尤其明显.肺炎链球菌对青霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素、诺氟沙星、罗红霉素等高度耐药.结论 对儿童急性感染性疾病在用药前应尽快做细菌培养及药敏试验以指导临床合理使用抗生素,从而有利于减少耐药菌株的产生.     

A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Risks of Human Disease Following Exposure to Pathogens

Currently, risk assessments of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to pathogens are utilizing the conceptual framework that was developed to assess risks associated with chemical exposures. However, the applicability of the chemical framework is problematic due to many issues that are unique to assessing risks associated with pathogens. These include, but are not limited to, an assessment of pathogen/host interactions, consideration of secondary spread, consideration of short- and long-term immunity, and an assessment of conditions that allow the microorganism to propagate. To address this concern, a working group was convened to develop a conceptual framework to assess the risks of human disease associated with exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. The framework that was developed consists of three phases: problem formulation, analysis (which includes characterization of exposure and human health effects), and risk characterization. The framework emphasizes the dynamic and iterative nature of the risk assessment process, and allows wide latitude for planning and conducting risk assessments in diverse situations, each based on the common principles discussed in the framework.