公共权力的扭曲与裂变分析

公共权力的连续、有序、稳定传递是政局稳定的关键。权力在实际传递中,往往由于多种原因而致使权力失真、变形、扭曲、中断或停止,形成权力裂变。权力裂变是由权力变异、文化冲突、执行偏差等多种因素所造成。权力裂变虽是一种不良现象,但通过权力调整可以减少或弥补其所产生的不利影响。     

论高等学校处分权的行使及规范

高等学校依法享有自主管理的权利,对本校违纪学生给予一定的处罚是十分必要的。学校执行纪律的结果必然会对学生的权益和前途产生相应的影响。以前,我们只考虑学校行使维持校园秩序的权利是十分必要的,应当被支持和尊重,却很少研究和思考学校行使权利的方法和程序是否合法、是否公正。伴随着中国民主与法治建设的发展和提高,我们在从事高校学生管理工作的过程中,越来越清醒地认识到,高等学校行使权利,必须以合法、公正为前提,否则也会导致权利的滥用。     

Actors,legitimation and cultures of social work*

This article is based on my study of rationality and language games in social work. The study focuses on the actors of social welfare and health care. Included are the heads and social workers of public welfare and health care agencies and institutions, officials of voluntary organizations, and activists in social change-oriented action groups. The objects of this study also differ with respect of their official status, area of responsibility, and position at work. The study tries to increase the understanding of the basic rationalities which are guiding social work as part of the daily routines, and of how the actors articulate and legitimate themselves, one another and the others, i.e. clients etc. The empirical data were collected using questionnaries. The study shows that organizational affiliation and area of concern do not bring about a systematic variation in the views of the respondents. The results then indicate the existence of a specific culture, a code of social work. The actors legitimate themselves according to system rationality. The system is considered to be outside the immediate scene of social work practice, which is articulated according to life-world premises. In client-centered social work, the external controlling and administrating system rationality threatens life-world aspects by neglecting social work as a process based on involvement, dialogue and change.     

A bayesian analysis of trend determination in economic time series

In this paper we provide a comprehensive Bayesian posterior analysis of trend determination in general autoregressive models. Multiple lag autoregressive models with fitted drifts and time trends as well as models that allow for certain types of structural change in the deterministic components are considered. We utilize a modified information matrix-based prior that accommodates stochastic nonstationarity, takes into account the interactions between long-run and short-run dynamics and controls the degree of stochastic nonstationarity permitted. We derive analytic posterior densities for all of the trend determining parameters via the Laplace approximation to multivariate integrals. We also address the sampling properties of our posteriors under alternative data generating processes by simulation methods. We apply our Bayesian techniques to the Nelson-Plosser macroeconomic data and various stock price and dividend data. Contrary to DeJong and Whiteman (1989a,b,c), we do not find that the data overwhelmingly favor the existence of deterministic trends over stochastic trends. In addition, we find evidence supporting Perron's (1989) view that some of the Nelson and Plosser data are best construed as trend stationary with a change in the trend function occurring at 1929.     

A new class of multivariate skew distributions with applications to bayesian regression models

Abstract: The authors develop a new class of distributions by introducing skewness in multivariate elliptically symmetric distributions. The class, which is obtained by using transformation and conditioning, contains many standard families including the multivariate skew‐normal and t distributions. The authors obtain analytical forms of the densities and study distributional properties. They give practical applications in Bayesian regression models and results on the existence of the posterior distributions and moments under improper priors for the regression coefficients. They illustrate their methods using practical examples.     

一种分析圆柱凹型腔的新方法

本文基于横向谐振法,利用併矢格林函数理论导出了一种简单,直接的方法,用以计算加载和不加载圆凹柱型腔的谐振频率和调谐特性.该方法费时少,精度高,因而将在毫米波电路的计算机辅助设计中得到广泛运用.     

混杂复合材料的数学模拟

对于颗粒增强复合材料的研究,过去多注重于其复合后的弹性模量。本文以等大颗粒的最紧密堆积状态为对象,建立了接触点模型,推导出掺入异种颗粒后强度变化的规律,发现强度率F=R/R_(A-A)随掺入率P=A/B的变化与正态分布曲线有关,这样当已知混杂颗粒掺入率后,在复合前即可借助N(0,1)的分布函数预测其强度率,     

The Development of Social Assistance and Unemployment Insurance in Germany and Japan

Both Japan and (West) Germany were subjected to foreign “Allied”Occupation from 1945. In this fiftieth anniversary year of the ending of World War Two and the commencement of these periods of Occupation, this paper assesses and compares the impact of the latter experience on social policy development in Germany and Japan. In particular, it focusses on social assistance and unemployment insurance, on the grounds that provision for “the able-bodied poor”constitutes a clear guide as to how far each society has progressed or is progressing along the road to “social citizenship”as defined by T. H. Marshall. The import of Allied Occupation was in practice quite different in the two cases, not least because of their very different paths of social policy development beforehand. Developments in the wake of Occupation and upto the present are nonetheless indicative of there being some elements of policy “convergence”, which welfare state regime theory has hitherto failed to allow for in its concentration upon “whole systems”at the expense of more detailed policy “subsystem”review.