互联网时代的图书、知识以及知识分子

电视让我们“娱乐至死”,互联网让我们淹没在信息的海洋,选择多到无法选择。在这个传媒时代。知识和思想怎样传播？我们感叹世风日下、人心不古,是因为我们拥有的太少,还是我们面临的诱惑太多？     

对邓小平“不搞争论”思想的时代思考

邓小平“不搞争论”思想包含着丰富、深刻的内容。对“不搞争论”思想的历史背景、内涵、方法、原则和现实指导意义作深入探析,以全面、准确地把握这一思想,对于贯彻落实党的十七大精神,坚持解放思想具有重大的现实意义。     

鲍德温•斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.     

毛泽东廉政建设模式及其时代价值

在中国革命和建设的长期实践中,毛泽东提出了大量关于廉政建设的思想并积累了丰富的廉政建设经验。其理论依据有三:一是人民政权理论;二是阶级斗争理论;三是思想建党理论。其基本思路是:整党整风,发动群众,树立典型,从严治党,严惩贪腐。其主要不足是:未深入探究腐败的经济和制度根源;未建立规范的民主法律制度;未找到群众路线的正确方式和途径。其经验教训有许多有当代价值。     

创新方法选择的路径及发展趋势

创新方法的选择关系到创新的成败.知识经济时代的边际递增理论和创新边际效率理论是指导创新方法选择的基本理论.创新方法的选择应当以市场与技术并举、致力于适销技术为原则.系统化的TRIZ方法为创新提供了一个技术共享平台,同时也昭示着平台构架是创新方法的发展趋势.     

本土视阈下百年中国女性文学的艰难步履

中国女性的性别境遇主要由中国本土的文化传统、时代环境所决定,中国女性文学创作及其批评的产生和存在也有着其内在的文化动因。但是长期以来对这一学科的研究基本上借助西方女性主义批评话语而漠视中国本土的特殊文化语境。本文主要从本土历史文化的视角扫描中国女性文学发展的百年历程,从文学史纵向发展的梳理中关注中国女性文学的生存土壤、特殊境遇,以便厘清中国女性文学的历史、现状以及前瞻未来的发展。     

论龙祖伏羲生活的时代——伏羲研究之一

伏羲是一个传说人物,他被远古以来历代人们认作中华龙文化的创始人。传说虽然不是历史,但人类最早的历史都是以口头流传即传说的形式被人们记忆转告的,因而传说中无疑包含着历史的成分。本文以伏羲的存在是一个历史的真实为前提,进而用类比的方法,将八卦与考古发现的陶符、图画等看作是同一历史时期出现的符号图形,据以判断伏羲是生活在距今6000～7000年以前仰韶文化氏族部落的首领。同时分析了传说中伏羲在精神文化、制度文化和风俗文化等方面的发明创造,从而在中国文化史的源头上,确认了一座丰碑。     

消费经济时代的乌托邦——评贺雪峰新著《乡村的前途》

贺雪峰教授的新著<乡村的前途>,为当前中国农民提供了一种可供选择的生活方式,即"低消费、高福利"的生活方式.在当今消费经济时代,这种生活方式看起来像一种乌托邦.但在中国当前语境下,这种乌托邦具有重大战略意义,是农民生活的底线希望.     

自觉适应时代和学术发展的需要

<云梦学刊>的"当代学术史研究"是适应时代需要和学术发展需要开设的重要特色栏目.该栏目围绕主题组织开展了一系列有成效、有影响的学术活动,取得,了较多学术成果.该栏目编辑较好地做到了研究、编辑、教学的良性互动.     

清末民初天津证券市场的发轫

近代股票与公债在天津的发行始于清末.民国时期,天津市场上出现了股票交易的兼营或专营中介--股票交通事务所等.1914年,农商部即批准在天津开办证券交易所.1918年,天津证券交易所成立.到1921年,天津证券粮食花纱皮毛交易所开业,但次年即停业.天津证券市场在此发轫时期,"交易所时代"的到来并不是建立在证券交易较为发达的基础上,也未经由上海证券市场上曾出现过的集中交易的"公会时代",因此犹如昙花一现.