从案例到疑难案例,再到扩展案例——论法人类学的案例分析法

从马林诺斯基的案例分析法到卢埃林和霍贝尔的疑难案例分析法,再到格拉克曼的扩展案例分析法,法人类学家发展完善了案例分析法,使之成为法人类学的经典研究法.当今法人类学没有放弃遭到各种批评的案例分析法,而是综合运用多种研究方法以弥补案例分析法的不足.     

民族音乐学视野中的流行音乐研究

民族音乐学是"以民族学、人类学方法研究音乐的学科",随着研究对象的扩展,它已经把流行音乐纳入自己的研究范围.流行音乐研究可以开拓民族音乐学的研究时空,促进其更新观念,丰富其研究方法与理论.民族音乐学则可以为流行音乐研究提供研究角度、模式、价值观、研究方法等方面的帮助.     

都市农业的内涵及其拓展:以重庆为例

围绕城郊发展都市农业是重庆城乡统筹实践的重要内容。重庆在发展都市农业中应把握好已经提出或规划的城乡发展思路和契机,探索都市农业发展模式,逐步缩小城乡差别,转变生产生活方式,实现城乡统筹协调发展。     

理性选择与文化逻辑:夏尔巴人跨境医疗行为的人类学解读

现实生活中,人们寻医治病并非只满足于生理上的痊愈,而是追求一种生理与心理的完整意义上的平安.本文基于对中尼边境樟木口岸夏尔巴人的田野调查,围绕夏尔巴人跨境医疗行为展开讨论.研究表明,夏尔巴人跨境医疗行为不仅体现了边民的理性选择,反映出引导和制约跨境医疗行为的社会制度问题,跨境医疗更内嵌于夏尔巴人跨境的社会关系网络与其他多种跨境活动中,蕴含着长期传统惯习延续下的文化认同,并受民族医疗中宗教信仰观念的引导.     

神奇的稻米——评《作为自我的稻米》

《]作为自我的稻米》是美籍日裔人类学家大贯美惠子关于日本国民性的研究,通过稻米来论述日本人的身份认同建构过程及如何重构自我与他者的关系。本文首先梳理此书的文本内容及叙述逻辑,进而将其放置在人类学理论发展脉络下,并与同类研究相对比,探讨此书的价值和意义。     

鲍德温•斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.     

“人类学作为一级学科建设”座谈会纪要

一、缘起在中国正大踏步地走向世界,全面融入国际社会,"一带一路"战略开始实施之时,人类学学科的重大理论价值和应用价值越来越凸现于世。为了适应这个伟大时代对人类学学科的要求和实际需要,也为了建设世界一流大学和一流学科的需要,将人类学作为一级学科来进行建设,比以往任何一个时期都更加迫切了。为此,由中国人类学民族学研究会、人类学高级论坛秘书处和广西贺州学院南岭走廊族群文化研究基地联合发     

“比较视野中的灾难与激变:感知与应对”国际人类学工作坊报告会综述

“比较视野中的灾难与激变:感知与应对”国际人类学工作坊于2015年10月16日-18日在西南民族大学举行了工作报告会,来自世界8个国家和地区的30余家学术机构的40位专家学者围绕着“人文视野下的灾难与激变”、“有关灾难与激变的理论反思”、“在灾难与激变中反思社会-政治关系”、“灾后重建中的社区恢复与文化重塑”、“关于灾难的记忆、叙述与情感”、“灾难的感知与呈现”、“关于灾难的艺术呈现”这7个专题进行了深入的学术交流探讨.     

边疆人类学概述

人类学家关于边疆和边界的研究包括将内涵和认同层面存在差异的各个世界分离和联系起来的文化边疆,标示出地理空间的边疆以及形塑社会关系秩序和界定“社群”（community）成员资格的边疆。这些文化、领土和社会维度常常交叠在一起,构成了一个整体性的边疆人类学。目前,社会科学已经逐步将对边疆关注的焦点聚集到其关系性和动态性两个方面,不再将其视为政治边缘,而是嵌入到日常生活中,这也是人类学长期坚持的一种探索路径。     

"倾听城市":都市治理的审议民主——以纽约世贸中心重建规划中的公民参与为例

都市治理中政府与资本的力量限制了公民参与的发挥,审议民主理论认为,都市治理可以在一个更广阔的范围内政府与公众寻求到合作的可能,经过公众审议和公共辩识讨论,不仅可以优化决策,也可以培养公众的政治美德.文章以911事件后的纽约世贸中心重建规划过程中的"倾听城市"公众审议活动为例,分析了审议民主的现实意义,同时也提出审议民主对中国的借鉴作用.