不同渠道权力结构下资金约束零售商的采购和融资策略

针对由供应商、3PL企业和资金约束零售商组成的供应链,研究了三种渠道权力结构（以供应商为主导的S权利结构、以3PL企业为主导的L权利结构、供应商和3PL企业同时主导的N权力结构）和两种融资模式（3PL企业融资服务和贸易信贷融资）下零售商的采购和融资策略。首先,分别构建了针对三种渠道权力结构和两种融资模式的以供应链成员利润最大化为目标的优化模型,并通过求解模型得到了供应商、3PL企业和零售商的最优定价策略;然后,通过比较不同情形下的供应链成员利润,分析了零售商的采购和融资策略。研究结果表明：在S权力结构下,零售商应选择直接向供应商订货并接受贸易信贷融资模式;在L权力结构下,零售商应选择接受3PL企业的代理采购和融资服务;在N权力结构下,零售商应选择融资利率更高的采购和融资模式。此外发现,供应商和3PL企业均应选择优先宣布定价策略,当二者在市场中权力相当时,其应该调高各自的融资利率。     

A folded model for compositional data analysis

A folded type model is developed for analysing compositional data. The proposed model involves an extension of the α‐transformation for compositional data and provides a new and flexible class of distributions for modelling data defined on the simplex sample space. Despite its rather seemingly complex structure, employment of the EM algorithm guarantees efficient parameter estimation. The model is validated through simulation studies and examples which illustrate that the proposed model performs better in terms of capturing the data structure, when compared to the popular logistic normal distribution, and can be advantageous over a similar model without folding.     

Selection bias for treatments with positive Phase 2 results

In drug development, treatments are most often selected at Phase 2 for further development when an initial trial of a new treatment produces a result that is considered positive. This selection due to a positive result means, however, that an estimator of the treatment effect, which does not take account of the selection is likely to over‐estimate the true treatment effect (ie, will be biased). This bias can be large and researchers may face a disappointingly lower estimated treatment effect in further trials. In this paper, we review a number of methods that have been proposed to correct for this bias and introduce three new methods. We present results from applying the various methods to two examples and consider extensions of the examples. We assess the methods with respect to bias of estimation of the treatment effect and compare the probabilities that a bias‐corrected treatment effect estimate will exceed a decision threshold. Following previous work, we also compare average power for the situation where a Phase 3 trial is launched given that the bias‐corrected observed Phase 2 treatment effect exceeds a launch threshold. Finally, we discuss our findings and potential application of the bias correction methods.     

Cost/effectiveness analysis of alcoholism and drug abuse treatment programs: the relevance of recidivism and resource absorption.

Cost/effectiveness measures are increasingly being applied to alcoholism and drug abuse treatment programs. Program evaluators usually regard readmissions as inadequate for assessing outcome, and resource absorption is rarely examined; this paper presents the argument that increased attention to recidivism and resource absorption is integral to the program evaluation process. Readmissions formed 53% of admissions to U.S. drug abuse programs, and in alcoholism treatment centers, 4% of the patients accounted for 24% of the detoxications. Problems with assessing cost/effectiveness are associated with duration of treatment, average cost, time span of analyses, quasi-experimental designs, multiple episodes of treatment, "silting up", and extrapolation. Five approaches to dealing with these problems are suggested: analyzing existing program data bases for recidivism and resource absorption, considering recidivism when evaluating programs, tempering clinical enthusiasm with skepticism, matching patients with levels of care appropriate to previous treatment history, and assessing additional benefit derived from increasing amounts of care per patient as part of cost/effectiveness analysis.     

用VB实现Mp3文件的播放

VisualBasic下的多种控件和函数可进行多媒体程序的设计,但是,在VB系统中却没有可播放Mp3的控件.本文给出了利用非VB标准控件Mediaplay和Mp3play.ocx,实现Mp3音频文件播放的两种方法.     

论互联网环境下高校工会思想政治工作的方法创新

互联网在高校获得了广泛的应用和普及，影响和改变了高校师生的工作、学习、生活、交往娱乐等行为方式，尤其是思想道德、心理、行为习惯。高校工会思想政治工作是教职工思想政治工作的重要组成部分。高校工会在互联网环境下要落实好教育职能，加强思想政治工作，必须充分认清和发挥“三个优势”，创新工会思想政治工作方法，开刨工会工作新局面，不断增强时代性、针对性、主动性和实效性。     

Sources of information and portfolio allocation

This research investigates the relationship between how a household receives financial information and the degree to which investment portfolios are diversified. Diversification is measured as allocation across asset classes and share of assets held in each asset class. Propensity score-based techniques incorporating stratification and weighting are employed to better isolate causal links, while also controlling for objective and subjective financial literacy and overconfidence. Results indicate that the use of financial planners and brokers is associated with an increase in asset class diversification. Households that consult with financial planners and bankers allocate their wealth systematically different from those who do not. These results highlight the role that financial professionals play in helping households make investment decisions.     

A nonparametric inverse probability weighted estimation for functional data with missing response data at random

This paper considers the nonparametric inverse probability weighted estimation for functional data with missing response data at random. Under mild conditions, the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimation method are established. Based on the resampling method, the estimation of the asymptotic variance of the proposed estimator is obtained. Finally, the finite sample properties of the proposed estimation method are investigated via Monte Carlo simulation studies. A real data analysis is given to illustrate the use of the proposed method.     

荣格和慧能的自性概念辨析

在自性概念的智慧性、抽象性、普遍性三个方面,荣格与慧能的思想具有共通之处.两者自性思想的差别主要表现在自性的来源、动力、功能三个方面.在比较分析两者自性思想的基础上,阐述了荣格的建构方法和慧能的解构现实方法,提出了注重个体的内在潜力、促进自我实现的心理学本土化的研究方向.     

Living with zombie companies: Do we know where the threat lies?

This paper shows the existence of extreme types of zombie firm, i.e. companies with negative equity that continue to do business despite having lost their entire equity. We explain how these firms are measured and how the riskier ones are defined with different determinants. Using a Spanish sample from 2010 to 2014 an index called the EZIndex is developed that includes four dimensions of the extreme zombie problem: extension, contagion, recovery signs and immediacy. The paper contributes to zombie theory on the one hand by developing a method for ranking zombie firms based on risks and changes over time, and on the other hand by using a log-linear model to detect the riskiest corporate profiles out of all these risky firms. It demonstrates significant implications that need to be considered by the competent authorities not only in terms of their impact as a whole but also in regard to the particular profile of extreme zombie firms: they are less regulated, large and located in regions with large business fabrics.