适用于钻井液的罗伯逊一斯蒂夫模式

罗伯逊—斯蒂夫模式的主要优点是适应性强、准确性高。它包括了牛顿、宾汉和指数模式，因而能较好地反映各类钻井液在不同剪切速率下的流变特性。本文推导了管流和环空流动的压降公式和雷诺数，提出了精确确定流变参数的计算方法。     

The rate of convergence to stationarity for M/G/1 models with admission controls via coupling

We study the workload processes of two M/G/1 queueing systems with restricted capacity: in Model 1 any service requirement that would exceed a certain capacity threshold is truncated; in Model 2 new arrivals do not enter the system if they have to wait more than a fixed threshold time in line. For Model 1 we obtain several results concerning the rate of convergence to equilibrium. In particular, we derive uniform bounds for geometric ergodicity with respect to certain subclasses. For Model 2 geometric ergodicity follows from the finiteness of the moment-generating function of the service time distribution. We derive bounds for the convergence rates in special cases. The proofs use the coupling method.     

外层空间3D打印对知识产权制度的挑战

3D打印技术迅速发展并日趋成熟。由于其便于操作、节省成本等特点,欧美各国已开始筹备在外层空间活动中使用该技术。但该技术的广泛应用却给现行法律制度提出了众多新问题,尤其对知识产权制度提出了较大挑战: 在著作权方面,“复制”行为的内涵及“合理使用”的范围亟需重新界定;在专利保护方面,3D打印给专利侵权的认定增加了阻碍。而由于外层空间的特殊法律地位,在外层空间使用3D打印技术则使知识产权保护问题更趋复杂。从促进外层空间活动的角度出发,为应对新挑战,应完善国内空间物体登记制度,扩大知识产权保护范围并在特定情况下限制其行使空间。     

Using Bayesian analysis in repeated preclinical in vivo studies for a more effective use of animals

Whilst innovative Bayesian approaches are increasingly used in clinical studies, in the preclinical area Bayesian methods appear to be rarely used in the reporting of pharmacology data. This is particularly surprising in the context of regularly repeated in vivo studies where there is a considerable amount of data from historical control groups, which has potential value. This paper describes our experience with introducing Bayesian analysis for such studies using a Bayesian meta‐analytic predictive approach. This leads naturally either to an informative prior for a control group as part of a full Bayesian analysis of the next study or using a predictive distribution to replace a control group entirely. We use quality control charts to illustrate study‐to‐study variation to the scientists and describe informative priors in terms of their approximate effective numbers of animals. We describe two case studies of animal models: the lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine release model used in inflammation and the novel object recognition model used to screen cognitive enhancers, both of which show the advantage of a Bayesian approach over the standard frequentist analysis. We conclude that using Bayesian methods in stable repeated in vivo studies can result in a more effective use of animals, either by reducing the total number of animals used or by increasing the precision of key treatment differences. This will lead to clearer results and supports the “3Rs initiative” to Refine, Reduce and Replace animals in research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工业产品的逆向工程技术及应用

文章阐述了解决逆向工程应用于工业产品逆向建模过程中的一些关键技术.首先介绍对逆向工程的理解和目前主流逆向技术应用流程，其次以具体工业产品为例从点云获取、点云处理、逆向建模、误差分析、3D打印制造，最终获得产品样件的过程.     

Contributions‐financed cash benefits: Selected examples of tiered pension systems

This article addresses the link between pensions and occupational earnings using the example of social security contributions in selected OECD countries. The rules of the pension schemes studied point towards a very strong link between occupational earnings and pension level. However, certain pension calculation methods, through pension calculation parameters or through the existence of tools to compensate for certain career discontinuities, may distort this link in the majority of the countries studied. Therefore, the examination of pension calculation parameters and of solidarity measures attached to retirement is necessary to provide a more finely‐tuned evaluation of the link between occupational earnings and pension level. Ultimately, comparison of pension systems across countries remains challenging given their specificities.     

Household finances and well-being in Australia: An empirical analysis of comparison effects

This paper explores the importance of the household’s financial position for an individual’s level of well-being. Initially, the empirical analysis, based on the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, a large nationally representative panel survey, aims to ascertain the impact of the household’s monetary financial position on overall life satisfaction and financial well-being, with the latter being measured by financial satisfaction and subjective prosperity. The empirical analysis confirms that the household’s level of net wealth, assets and debt are important determinants of overall life satisfaction and financial well-being. The paper goes on to explore whether the financial situation of households in a comparison group influences an individual’s overall life satisfaction and financial well-being. The results suggest that the financial position of households in the comparison group is an important determinant of an individual’s level of overall life satisfaction and financial well-being, with information effects generally dominating comparison effects. In addition, the effects of the comparison group are asymmetric depending on whether a household’s financial position is above or below the average of the reference group.     

MC消费者持续使用行为演化分析

移动商务服务最终的成功依赖于消费者的持续使用。已有研究将焦点集中于移动商务相关服务的采纳和接受,忽视对消费者采纳后的持续使用行为研究。通过与采纳行为的比较,分析持续使用行为的特征,剖析了持续使用行为演化的内外部过程：外部演化是由短期有意识的持续使用行为向长期习惯性持续使用行为转变;内在演化是以基于ECM-IT模型隐含的认知变化为基本过程,行为反馈和惯例化阶段是对基本过程的补充。