Classification into two normal populations with a common mean and unequal variances

The problem of classification into two univariate normal populations with a common mean is considered. Several classification rules are proposed based on efficient estimators of the common mean. Detailed numerical comparisons of probabilities of misclassifications using these rules have been carried out. It is shown that the classification rule based on the Graybill-Deal estimator of the common mean performs the best. Classification rules are also proposed for the case when variances are assumed to be ordered. Comparison of these rules with the rule based on the Graybill-Deal estimator has been done with respect to individual probabilities of misclassification.     

Supporting public financial management in conflict‐affected situations: Adapting to change in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

This article traces the introduction of public financial management (PFM) processes and systems in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs) since they came under the control of the Palestinian Authority (PA). A number of factors combined make for an extremely challenging context for external actors to catalyse change: non‐existent formal central government functions at the time the PA was established, major restrictions in the movement of goods and people, ill‐designed donor budget support and a very asymmetric distribution of power that favours the status quo. An unelected government, donor‐dependency and a suffocating and chronic (yet low‐level) conflict are increasingly de‐incentivizing long‐term institutional reform. Such a complex problem requires multi‐faceted solutions. This article describes a dual delivery model adopted by the Palestinian Governance Facility (PGF) encompassing adaptive interventions that support longer‐term PFM improvements combined with the introduction of a selective workstream targeting service delivery. This focuses on the management of external medical referrals, which emerged as a political problem. A flexible development assistance delivery model can allow reform areas not anticipated at project design to be tackled as they emerge on the political agenda and open the space for political capital. A constant examination of contextual issues and re‐programming of project activities are offering lessons from which to learn and adapt. The ideal coalition involves flexible, aligned donors and relevant “institutional entrepreneurs” from within local organizations, with direct access to politicians. If high‐level government buy‐in falters, a coalition of technocrats may help construct and broker problems from which to gain political access.     

社会稳定问题预警研究初探

以引发群体性突发事件为关切的社会稳定问题,在微观层面上因为政策过程不完整、政策导致的利益分配差异化而形成,进而影响到社会稳定问题的问题域.户籍、政策稳定程度是政府界定问题域的基本维度,前者限定了与社会稳定问题密切相关的公共品提供的范围和程度;后者限定了既有社会稳定问题和现有社会稳定问题的性质和范围.社会预警指标体系设计应关注预警层次、指标定义、主观指标、逆向指标、指标相关性等问题,相应的信息系统还存在缺乏整合、覆盖面不足的问题.     

归纳问题研究的历史与现状

探讨归纳问题不仅对于确立归纳逻辑的逻辑学地位意义重大,而且该问题的解决还直接关乎归纳逻辑自身的发展规律和发展趋势,以及归纳逻辑与其他相关学科之间的关系等重要问题.目前学术界对归纳问题的研究角度不一,内容各有侧重.同时,对现代归纳逻辑发展现状及趋势的不同看法也为解决归纳问题提供了更为恰当的思路.     

Evaluating the Problem Gambling Severity Index

A large, integrated survey data set provided by the Ontario Problem Gambling Centre was used to investigate psychometric properties of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). This nine-item self-report instrument was designed to measure a single, problem gambling construct. Unlike its nearest competitor—the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)—the PGSI was designed specifically for use with a general population rather than in a clinical context. The present analyses demonstrated that the PGSI does assess a single, underlying, factor, but that this is complicated by different, multiple factor structures for respondents with differing levels of problem gambling severity. The PGSI also demonstrated small to moderate correlations with measures of gambling frequency and faulty cognitions. Overall, the PGSI presents a viable alternative to the SOGS for assessing degrees of problem gambling severity in a non-clinical context.

现代性问题与中国现代性的建构

现代性概念具有双重意蕴,即外在制度结构层面的理性化和内在文化心理层面的感觉化,现代性问题的实质是价值理想的缺失与生存意义的危机。围绕着现代性问题而产生了自由主义、保守主义、后现代主义、马克思主义等的回应方式;如果我们确认中国不可避免地要建构的现代性同时也应该是一个亲切的精神家园,那么无论在理论上还是在实践上都必须回答和解决如下三大问题:一是传统文化的现代转化;二是外在的形式化制度结构的建构;三是现代人心性结构的重建。这三大问题所展开的论域可以说是在现代性问题背景下马克思主义哲学中国化的一种可能形态。     

关于高等教育自学考试发展的思考

从1981年开考以来,高等教育自学考试发展势头很好。近几年,由于高等教育的办学层次和形式的多样化,使高教自考出现了生源减少等问题。面临新的挑战,有人主张停考。要满足巨大的社会需求,在社会主义新农村建设中发挥更大的作用,必须提高对高等教育自学考试的认识,形成多层次、多规格的证书格局,专业和课程设置上要符合农村发展的需要,有机整合各种教育资源服务于社会助学工作,改革和调整考试办法及有关政策。     

解析农民面临的“制度性贫困陷阱”——对农村经济制度的历时关联和共时关联分析

本文主要分析了导致农民贫困的制度安排及其制度间的历时关联和共时关联,揭示农民陷入制度性贫困陷阱的原因.说明只有土地制度、农产品购销制度、农村财税体制、户籍制度的系统配套改革,才能打破这些反馈环.市场化是解决"三农问题"的根本途径.     

框架理论视角下鲁迅小说中隐喻的英译策略——以《狂人日记》和《药》为例

鲁迅小说中隐喻颇多,蕴含着丰富的文化背景知识,也是翻译的难点。基于框架理论,结合鲁迅小说《狂人日记》、《药》杨戴译本和莱尔译本中的隐喻翻译实例,从框架相同和相异两个角度探讨译者的隐喻英译策略。认为翻译框架相同的内容时可采用对等转换策略,对于框架相异的内容可采用移植和增补策略。     

人口老龄化对社会养老保障服务体系的影响与对策分析

人口老龄化作为社会经济发展到一定程度之后的必然产物,在对社会经济产生积极影响的同时,也带来了一系列新的压力和挑战。本文侧重分析了我国人口老龄化对社会养老保障服务体系的影响,并相应提出了缓解压力的对策。