附着与隧通——心智的工作模式

深度学习框架加速了人工智能技术的发展,越来越多的人工智能系统在专业领域超越人类,但沿此路径能否指引机器模拟出类人智能仍然没有定论。强计算主义的观点主张意识和智能可以被物理还原,甚至可以忽略意识。哥德尔等学者则倾向于机器无法模拟或超越人类。文章提出认知坎陷（意识片段）的“附着”与“隧通”这一对范畴,从新的视角探讨心智的工作模式。认知坎陷具有超越时空和流变的特性,在某时某地某景可以“附着”在某个具体对象之上。认知坎陷之间可以通过“隧通”链接成一个网络。“自我”作为最原初和最重要的认知坎陷,是人类意识与智能的发端。智能的作用之一是在情景改变时将“自我”“附着”到更合适的对象上。     

Introducing the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model: A case of chatbot,Lee-Luda

This study presents the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model, which provides a comprehensive understanding of scansis—a recently identified crisis type integrated into the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Using a crisis case of Scatter Lab, a South Korean AI company, as a model case, the study applies the CoS model to analyze the perceptions and meta-perceptions of both the organization and the public regarding the crisis. The data collection involved three official statements released by Scatter Lab and an analysis of 365 reviews from the Google Play users' reviews page of Science of Love—the app used by Scatter Lab to collect intimate conversations between romantic partners. The findings highlight the utility of the CoS model in explaining how Scatter Lab's AI crisis evolved into a scansis. Specifically, the organization's failure to accurately comprehend the public's perception of the crisis (second level co-orientation) and the resulting discrepancy between the organization and the public's perceptions (third level co-orientation) contributed to moral outrage, ultimately leading to a scansis. The study concludes by discussing the theoretical contributions of the CoS model and its practical implications for crisis management.     

新农村殡葬改革问题探讨

当前在农村殡葬改革中存在着铺张浪费、"以罚代葬"、基础设施不完善等问题。各级政府要抓住建设社会主义新农村的机遇,加大殡葬改革的资金投入,克服困难,完善新农村殡葬改革。     

大学生创业问题及对策分析

当前,自主创业成为越来越多大学生的选择。但是在研究中发现,我国大学生创业动机高,行动少;创业教育成果少,问题多;创业机会多,创业环境差。这些问题的解决需要根据成就动机来激发创业动机;通过改善创业教育来培养创业技能;通过营造良好创业环境来支持大学生创业。     

Risk Assessment as a Paradox: When Actions of an IRB Become Incompatible with Ethical Principles

As anecdotal evidence mounts up of Institutional Review Boards becoming an impediment to research, I share a personal experience in this article to argue how the conduct of an Institutional Review Board was incompatible with a number of ethical principles such as Respect for Persons, Deception, Informed Consent, and Justice. I conclude by promoting Evidence-Based Ethical Problem Solving to facilitate and enhance risk assessments through empirical evidence.     

Problem Gambling and the Circumstances Facing Older People

Local gambling venues are an important contemporary context for older people's gambling in many parts of the world typically being more accessible to this segment of the population than traditional, centralised gambling venues, such as casinos. This study, undertaken in South East Queensland, analyses older people's electronic gaming machine (EGM) behaviour and motivations, specifically in the context of licensed social and recreational clubs-a popular local gambling venue in many parts of Australia. The study gathered data via a postal survey of 80 managers of licensed clubs, interviews with Gambling Help services and a survey of 414 people aged 60+ who regularly play EGMs, self-administered on site at local clubs. The analysis undertaken suggests that certain age-related circumstances of older people-such as being without a partner, having a disability that impacts on everyday activities, having a low annual income, and no longer participating in the workforce-are associated with higher overall levels of motivation for playing EGMs and greater reliance on EGMs to meet social, recreational and mental health needs. Over a quarter of the older people surveyed (27%) reported drawing on their savings to fund their EGM gambling. Certain categories of older people, including those who were without a partner and those with a disability, were more likely to report drawing on their savings to fund EGM play and betting more than they could afford to lose, pointing to age-related vulnerabilities older people may experience to the negative impacts of gambling given the greater likelihood of their dependency on smaller, fixed incomes. The explanatory contribution of a range of demographic and motivational variables on problem/moderate risk gambling status was computed via a logistic regression model. Younger age (60-69), male gender, single marital status and being motivated to play EGMs to experience excitement and to win money all emerged as significant predictors in the model.     

Equalizing population denominators for australian metropolitan areas

Most population data are collected and tabulated in an aggregate form by censuses around the world in which political and economic considerations determine the geographic unit of the aggregation. Large spatial variation in population size among, units can limit comparative analysis among different subregions. Census population counts are often used as the denominator in rate calculations. This paper proposes the design of new districts for Australian metropolitan areas that will decrease the absolute range in population among districts. The transport algorithm is used for aggregation of Collection Districts in order to achieve this goal. The transport algorithm proved efficient in assigning CDs to a more equitable alignment of population in the selected Statistical Divisions. This method affords the spatial comparison of city settlement and socio-economic variables as well as deriving a stable denominator for these comparisons. The results demonstrate the advantages of equalized population denominators over those associated with the current statistical districts.     

AI对未来会计变革研究——基于技术视角

人工智能目前是全社会关注的热点,人工智能技术丰富多样,发展迅速,有必要结合会计领域自身的特点,对影响会计发展的人工智能关键基础技术进行梳理,从技术角度探讨AI对未来会计的影响。介绍了OCR、NLP和大数据等人工智能基础技术,探讨这些技术对未来会计发展的影响路径,最后系统分析了变革中可能遇到的瓶颈问题和解决方案。     

人工智能科学在十七、十八世纪欧洲哲学中的观念起源

尽管人工智能科学是在二战后才在西方科技界涌现的,但其思想根苗至少可以上溯到十七、十八世纪的欧洲哲学。具体而言,人工智能的哲学基础问题可被一分为二:第一,建立一个能够展现真正人类智能的纯机械模型,在观念上是否可能?第二,若前述问题的答案是肯定的,怎样的人类心智模型才能够为这种模型的建立提供最佳的参照?本文将论证,笛卡尔和莱布尼茨对上述第一个问题都给出了否定的回答,而霍布斯则给出了肯定的回答。至于第二个问题,休谟关于心智构架的重构工作,就可以被视为当代AI科学中的联结主义进路的先驱,而康德在调和直观和思维时所付出的努力,则为当代AI专家整合自下而上进路和从上至下进路的种种方案所应和。一言以蔽之,十七、十八世纪的欧洲哲学实乃AI科学的一个潜在的智库,尽管AI界的主流对此并无清楚之意识。