Unexpected but authentic use of an ethnically–marked dialect

Recent work on language crossing in the U.S. has examined the temporary appropriation of African American Vernacular English by white youth in an effort to participate in the current popularity and prestige of hip–hop culture, or in order to highlight racial boundaries. While such verbal behavior probably encompasses most white use of AAVE, it is not the only way in which whites (or other non–blacks) can use the variety. This paper presents a case study of the language of a 23 year old white female who makes consistent use of many distinctive linguistic features associated with AAVE. I argue that the interaction of ideologies of race, class, localness and language allow her to be considered an ingroup member despite her biographical race. This suggests that there is a tension between academic linguistic theory and actual speaker practice in assigning authenticity to individuals, and I conclude that language ideologies and other forms of qualitative evidence should be taken into account by sociolinguists looking at the link between language and race.     

论《红楼梦》“十二金钗“的入选与序次

排座论次是中国古典小说的一种重要文化现象。“十二金钗”的入选 ,基于封建末世大家族的各种悲剧类型 ,但又着重强调了“十二金钗”的门第和出身 ,“十二金钗”的序列先后又体现了曹雪芹的爱憎情感和道德评价。通过对《红楼梦》“十二金钗”的入选和序次的考察 ,有助于我们加深对曹雪芹思想及创作心态的理解     

论美国工会中女性力量的增长

20世纪70年代以来,美国工会运动中的女性力量在迅速增长。导致这种现象的原因有很多,文中对其中的几个主要原因进行分析和探讨,包括劳动力性别构成的变化、男女工资差距、女性职业的性质与状况以及工会对待女性的态度。这些因素共同推动了工会中女性力量的增强。     

Art in Social Movements: Shantytown Women's Protest in Pinochet's Chile

How social movements use art is an understudied question in the social movements literature. Ethnographic research on the use of art by the prodemocracy movement in Pinochet's Chile suggests that art plays a very important role in social movements, which use it for framing, to attract resources, to communicate information about themselves, to foster useful emotions, and as a symbol (for communicating a coherent identity, marking membership, and cementing commitment to the movement).     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.     

Relationship Dissolution as a Life Stage Transition: Effects on Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors

In this paper, with the use of linear regressions to investigate how relationship dissolution affects sexual attitudes and behaviors, the authors address the stereotype that newly single people seek multiple sexual partners. Although the newly single people surveyed did obtain new sexual partners, the rate at which they acquired new partners did not support the stereotype. Specifically, men with custody of their children seemed oriented toward finding a steady partner. Additionally, men and women with low incomes reported relatively high rates of partner acquisition after relationship dissolution. The high rates reported by disadvantaged groups may be more directly related to familial instability accompanying poverty than to cultural characteristics associated with income or race. We argue that a life stage model with categorical stages in a rigid, anachronistic progression provides insufficient means to gain an understanding of newly single people.     

我国优秀女子背越式跳高运动员力量水平评价

本文通过对我国 45名优秀女子背越式跳高运动员力量训练手段进行分析研究 ,找出影响专项成绩的关键因素 ,为检查评定运动员的力量训练水平提供准确、易行的检查性项目。通过R型因子分析和逐步回归分析 ,得到各项检查性指标与运动成绩的数学模型 ,制定出评定运动员力量训练水平的评定标准和评定方法 ,从而给教练员提供了评价力量训练水平的量化标准     

论清末女学

中国正规的女校出现于清朝末年。它的出现提高了中国女性的文化素质 ,为女性参与社会创造了条件。但由于受传统和时代的限制 ,清末女学的产生并不能使广大中国女性走向独立解放的道路     

美国大学本科教育研究

本文分析了几所著名的美国大学本科教学的课程体系及教学计划 ,总结了其基本共性 ,同时分析了各大学的教学特色。通过对各大学电子工程类专业的教学计划进行剖析 ,给出了公共基础、专业基础、专业核心、专业选修课规定的课程及学分 ,并与我国的大学本科教学计划进行比较 ,提出了我国大学本科教育应改进的几个方面。