Mixtures of Toxic Agents and Attributable Risk Calculations

Calculations of attributable risks have attracted increasing interest recently. However, these efforts have been limited to mostly one agent, radiation, and no interactions with effects of other toxic agents have been taken into account. This paper outlines a generic approach to the calculation of attributable risks for an exposure to several toxic agents and interaction effects associated with them. In this calculation, the partition of interaction terms between the agents responsible is of particular importance. At present, there are no rules on how to assign equitable shares, so one methodology will be proposed and others discussed briefly. For one example of an assignment, the standard errors of the attributable risks are determined in terms of the uncertainties of the input parameters, thus setting the stage for a comparison of the different shares of responsibility.     

外部性与企业集团形成动因

主要研究经济活动的外部性与我国企业集团形成动因之间的关系. 通过建立两个经济博 弈模型, 在求得模型均衡解的基础上, 得出结论指出, 在纵向产业关系中存在外部性时, 将会导 致垂直型企业集团的形成, 而横向产业关系中的外部性则会导致水平型企业集团的形成.     

Powers of Discrete Goodness-of-Fit Test Statistics for a Uniform Null Against a Selection of Alternative Distributions

The comparative powers of six discrete goodness-of-fit test statistics for a uniform null distribution against a variety of fully specified alternative distributions are discussed. The results suggest that the test statistics based on the empirical distribution function for ordinal data (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Cramér–von Mises, and Anderson–Darling) are generally more powerful for trend alternative distributions. The test statistics for nominal (Pearson's chi-square and the nominal Kolmogorov–Smirnov) and circular data (Watson's test statistic) are shown to be generally more powerful for the investigated triangular (∨), flat (or platykurtic type), sharp (or leptokurtic type), and bimodal alternative distributions.     

Relocating investments by Tunisian insurance and pension funds towards alternative assets opportunities

This article explores the different barriers preventing Tunisian insurance and pension funds relocating their investments to alternative assets as a source of diversification and the different policy-led measures that could be put in place to support them during their initial years of existence. Data analysis techniques, namely multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical classification, are employed to hold the analysis in alignment with the research aim. The study investigates four groups of Tunisian insurance and pension funds, each characterized by its own investment challenges regarding alternative assets. Subsequently, the study examines certain improvement areas, for instance, reforming the legislative framework to facilitate a supportive tax environment, ensure information symmetry and transparency, etc. The approach of this study is novel for being the first of its kind to explore Tunisian insurance and pension ‘funds’ investments in alternative assets through data analysis techniques. In view of the fact that the history of research on this topic has been brief and fragmented, limited mostly to mature markets, the outcomes of this research can offer useful insights for policymakers in the emerging economies, particularly those undergoing reforms in young democracies like Tunisia in Africa, Eastern and Central Europe, and Latin America.     

论《醒世姻缘传》的树形结构

《醒世姻缘传》的结构神似树形,因果观是树形结构之根,晁源和狄希陈的前生后世的婚姻是树形结构的主干,晁夫人的后半世是树形结构的次干,诸多大小轶事构成树形结构的枝叶。依托树形结构,整部小说以惧内故事为主要讲述对象,展示明代中后期乡村及城市中下层各色人物和社会生活,其结构颇具特色。     

农村非诉讼纠纷解决机制探析

非市场化农村社会自身的特点决定了在发生纠纷之后首先选择的解决方法为非诉讼解决方法,所以非诉讼纠纷解决机制对于非市场化农村纠纷的解决非常重要。本文阐述了非诉讼纠纷解决机制的基本原理,包括涵义类型、在农村成为首选的原因及这种机制的优点和缺陷,最终提出相应的完善意见,以期为农村纠纷更好解决提供相应的借鉴。     

因果关系的法哲学探讨

从法哲学的角度对法律领域中因果关系的本体进行分析具有重要意义。对已有的因果关系理论范式的分析是总结和提出新的理论范式的前提。客观规律意义上的因果关系和经验范畴上的因果关系相结合的本体范式是正确认识和分析法律领域中因果关系的基础。     

垂直型企业集团形成动因的博弈分析

本文首先分析并定义了垂直型企业集团,然后建立了一个关于企业集团的经济学模型.在此基础上,本文从产业结构角度建立了一个动态博弈模型,分析了垂直型企业集团的形成动因,模型的均衡结果指出市场交易的不确定性和高市场交易费用是导致垂直性企业集团形成的主要动因.最后,本文讨论了博弈模型及其结果的政策含义.     

渎职侵权职务犯罪因果关系的认定

渎职侵权犯罪是指刑法分则第四章、第九章规定的由检察机关立案管辖的国家机关工作人员利用职权实施的侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利犯罪和国家机关工作人员的渎职犯罪。对渎职侵权职务行为与危害后果之间因果关系的正确认定是对渎职侵权行为归责的重要前提。直至目前,我国刑法学界对违法行为与危害结果之间因果关系的研究基本上采用的是＂若无A就无B＂的必要条件分析框架,但它因其固有的缺陷确有予以完善的必要。