Economic transformation and the gender earnings gap in urban China

The gender wage gap and its development in urban China is analysed utilising two large scale surveys covering 10 provinces for the years 1988 and 1995. The results indicate that from an international perspective, the gender wage gap in urban China appears to be relatively small. It is, however, increasing. Decompositions based on estimated regression-models show that somewhat less than half of the average gender wage gap can be attributed to differences in variables but much less of its increase. The earnings situation of young women and women with limited education has especially deteriorated if compared to men having the same characteristics. Received: 20 October 1997/Accepted: 7 October 1998     

也谈“法院判决可以改变起诉罪名”

“法院判决改变起诉罪名”的问题不是简单的可以或不可以所能够概括的。应当区别情况加以判断。一、人民法院不能擅自改变起诉罪名为被告人作出罪重的有罪判决。二、人民法院自己可以直接改变起诉罪名为被告人作出罪轻的有罪判决。三、刑事诉讼的职能决定了人民法院可以采纳被害人、被告人或辩护人符合事实和法律的意见,从而改变公诉机关的起诉罪名。     

“三个代表”的辩证关系

“三个代表”是辩证统一的整体 :代表最广大人民的根本利益是代表中国先进生产力发展要求和中国先进文化前进方向的基本保障 ;代表中国先进文化的前进方向是发展生产力和实现人民根本利益的重要条件 ;代表中国先进生产力的发展要求是做好其他各项工作的决定性因素。     

团体辅导在大学生人际交往中的作用研究

为了探讨团体辅导在大学生人际交往中的积极作用,本研究对河南理工大学十名新生进行了九次五阶段的团体辅导,并以人际交往训练班的形式,开展针对性交际活动。卡特尔人格问卷测查发现,16PF多项人格因素———乐群性、聪慧性、兴奋性、怀疑性、紧张性等有显著性改善。可见,团体辅导对改善大学生人际交往能力有明显的效果。     

英文摘要的体裁分析

摘要是科研学术论文的浓缩和提炼。正确熟练写好英文摘要是每个科研学术工作者的必须技能。运用体裁和体裁分析的基本理论,结合自建的小型语料库,全面系统地分析英文摘要的体裁特点,阐明其写作的结构模式和语言修辞特色,为科研学术论文写作者提供了实用可行的英文摘要的写作模式和方法。     

创新理论和深化改革的伟大跨越--学习贯彻中共十六届三中全会精神座谈综述

中共十六届三中会全的《决定》对完善社会主义市场经济体制的各个方面作出了全面规划和工作部署,必将为全面建设小康社会提供体制保证;《决定》提出要贯彻"五个统筹"、做到"五个坚持",体现了"三个代表"重要思想的要求,体现了经济、社会和人的全面发展,体现了改革发展稳定三者的紧密结合、相互统一的战略思想,反映了中国共产党对社会主义市场经济规律认识的深化。     

湘西苗族大学生人格特征的测验研究

本文用《卡特尔十六种人格因素量表》研究了湘西苗族大学生的人格特征。研究结果表明 :1 苗族大学生是一个具有鲜明人格特征的群体。 2 在苗族大学生内部 ,其男大学生和女大学生都具有不同的人格特点。 3 苗族所具有的历史文化传统、风俗习惯 ,苗族大学生所处的自然、社会环境 ,以及苗族大学生所扮演的社会角色是形成苗族大学生人格特点的主要原因     

Use of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Constituents as Markers for Exposure

The 16-City Study analyzed for gas-phase environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents (nicotine, 3-ethenyl pyridine [3-EP], and myosmine) and for particulate-phase constituents (respirable particulate matter [RSP], ultraviolet-absorbing particulate matter [UVPM], fluorescing particulate matter [FPM], scopoletin, and solanesol). In this second of three articles, we discuss the merits of each constituent as a marker for ETS and report pair-wise comparisons of the markers. Neither nicotine nor UVPM were good predictors for RSP. However, nicotine and UVPM were good qualitative predictors of each other. Nicotine was correlated with other gas-phase constituents. Comparisons between UVPM and other particulate-phase constituents were performed. Its relation with FPM was excellent, with UVPM approximately 1 1/2 times FPM. The correlation between UVPM and solanesol was good, but the relationship between the two was not linear. The relation between UVPM and scopoletin was not good, largely because of noise in the scopoletin measures around its limit of detection. We considered the relation between nicotine and saliva cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine. The two were highly correlated on the group level. That is, for each cell (smoking home and work, smoking home but nonsmoking work, and so forth), there was high correlation between average cotinine and 24-hour time-weighted average (TWA) nicotine concentrations. However, on the individual level, the correlations, although significant, were not biologically meaningful. A consideration of cotinine and nicotine or 3-EP on a subset of the study whose only exposure to ETS was exclusively at work or exclusively at home showed that home exposure was a more important source of ETS than work exposure.     

基于形态特征及线粒体12S和16S rRNA基因序列的察隅棘蛙贡山种群的系统地位

察隅棘蛙贡山种群的分类地位一直存在争议.本文用线粒体12S,16S rRNA部分基因序列对察隅棘蛙(Paa chayuensis)地模标本以及贡山种群共5号棘蛙标本进行的分子系统发育分析表明,它们间平均遗传距离仅为0.002,而且镶嵌相聚,应为同一个物种,即察隅棘蛙.检视察隅棘蛙32号地模标本及贡山种群8号标本的外部形态以及29项量度性状,发现他们彼此在形态上差异较大,建议可分为2个不同亚种.     

现行医疗纠纷调整机制的法律缺陷与完善

对新颁布的<医疗事故处理条例>存在的一些问题做出法律分析,同时结合最高人民法院第33号司法解释中关于医疗纠纷的举证责任倒置的规定提出笔者的看法,并对部分法律问题的解决做了理论分析.