新世纪思想解放和理论创新的里程碑、宣言书——学习党的十六大报告

十六大报告不仅是中国共产党人新世纪思想解放和理论创新的一个重要里程碑,而且是中国共产党人新世纪思想解放和理论创新的一份重要的宣言书.深入学习贯彻十六大精神,一项十分重要的任务是,要以"思想无禁区、创新无止境"的巨大理论勇气,坚持"三个代表"重要思想为指导思想和根本标尺,坚持中华民族伟大复兴的时代主题,坚持"立足中国实际"和"放眼世界大势"相统一,坚持理论联系实际的马克思主义学风,大力推进思想解放和理论创新,不断深化对中国共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律的认识.     

论社会主义与民主政治之间的包涵关系

马克思主义基本理论与基本实践确认了社会主义与民主政治之间的包涵关系,进而从历史与现实的结合上证明了民主政治是社会主义的题中应有之义.也就是说,民主政治不仅是社会主义运动的本质规定,是社会主义制度的内在属性,是社会主义社会的基本特征,而且也是社会主义运动兴起以来所始终追求的远大目标,是确定人民当家作主地位的国家形式,是社会主义制度下发展市场经济的必然要求,是社会主义建设事业中一项重要的战略任务.因此,根据党的十六大做出的战略部署,必须在发展市场经济的同时加强民主政治建设,才能使社会主义建设事业获得全面进步,更好地贯彻与体现"三个代表"的重要思想,逐渐地接近与达到科学社会主义的理想境界.     

民族院校大学生人格特征分析——以云南民族大学2005级学生调查为例

为了准确掌握民族院校大学生的人格特征,探讨不同群体大学生人格特征的共性和差异性,有针对性地做好学生的思想政治教育、心理健康教育工作,对2005级参加军训的1534名学生进行测量,结果发现:不同性别、不同生源、不同地区、不同家庭经济状况、不同民族、独生子女与非独生子女学生的人格特征在不同方面存在差异,针对差异可用其所长、避其所短,因材施教,促使学生健康成长、顺利成才。     

党的十六大对所有制理论的创新与发展

党的十六大在深化对社会主义认识的基础上 ,承继了多年来我党对传统所有制的理论突破和实践创新 ,进一步丰富和发展了马克思主义关于所有制问题的理论。提出理顺收入分配关系 ,“完善保护私人财产的法律制度” ,并强调要把坚持公有制的主体地位和促进非公有制经济的发展统一于社会主义现代化建设的进程中。显示了党和政府坚持现阶段基本经济制度这一政策的长期性、连续性和稳定性。对引导我国多种所有制经济的健康发展 ,必然产生深远影响     

十六大以来中共新闻思想的创新与发展

十六大以来,中国共产党的新闻思想随时代的发展而不断发展、创新。时代发展所带来的社会生活和新闻实践的变迁,是党的新闻思想发展的不竭动力之一;而党的执政理念和治国方略的与时俱进,则是党的新闻思想发展的另一不竭动力。创新与发展主要体现在如下六个方面:将以人为本作为新闻宣传工作的根本要求;倡导按照新闻传播规律办事;由舆论引导发展为提高舆论引导能力/传播能力;以新闻传媒为重要渠道,实行信息公开;统筹国内国际两个方面,加大对外传播力度;对互联网坚持加强建设与加强管理并重。     

Do ‘soft law’ board gender quotas work? Evidence from a natural experiment

In a new era of “open governance”, in which societal and corporate change is taking place, 15 predominantly European countries, including Spain, enacted board gender quotas to increase the share of women on boards. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of the European Union’s first “soft” quota – the 2007 Spanish Gender Equality Act recommending all large public and private Spanish firms to appoint a target of 40 percent of each gender to serve as board directors by 2015. The Act provides an incentive in that quota compliant firms may receive a preference for the tendering of public contracts. We draw on institutional and resource dependency theories to motivate the first empirical test of a “soft” quota which is distinct from Norway’s “hard law” board gender quota, and more similar to the proposed EU-wide quota. Using a large novel panel of 767 Spanish firms and 2786 firm-year observations from 2005 to 2014, we exploit the Spanish Act as a natural experiment and employ a difference-in-differences model. We find that less than nine percent of targeted firms fully comply with the quota. Firms that depend on public contracts are significantly more likely to increase female representation, although quota compliant firms do not actually benefit from the Act’s potential incentive. The results highlight the Spanish government’s lack of commitment to the quota, and that the quota’s normative obligations did not trigger the adoption of gender-balanced boards.     

刑事司法关系规范的宪法重释

刑事司法关系是刑事司法机关在办理刑事案件过程中产生的关系,是我国司法权力运行机制改革的关键环节,应回归宪法文本对其进行重构。但《宪法》第135条只是刑事司法关系的规范性陈述,并不是刑事司法关系规范。刑事司法关系规范可以分为主体规范、条件规范和目的规范,具有融贯性、开放性和包容性等特征。刑事司法关系规范的确定应将《宪法》第135条置于宪法文本的发展脉络,对其在整体宪法规范秩序之中所处的体系地位和所发挥的功能以及所处的社会语境进行全面分析,并与其他具体法律规定的关系进行融贯性解释。随着宪法的修改和社会的发展,刑事司法关系的规范内涵也有所改变,逐渐趋向法治框架下的审判中心、权力制约和人权保障,这应为我国的司法改革所遵循。     

Parenthood,risk attitudes and risky behavior

This study analyzes how risk attitudes change when individuals experience the major life event of becoming a parent by using longitudinal data for a large and representative sample of individuals from Germany. The analysis uses a survey-based measure of risk aversion. The estimation is based on an individual fixed effects model similar to an event study. On average, men and women experience a considerable increase in risk aversion around the time of first childbirth. This increase already starts as early as two years before they become parents, it is largest shortly after childbirth and it disappears when the child becomes older. When analyzing risky choices, the results indicate that risky labor market behavior remains unaffected by parenthood.     

测井联合地震反演在辉绿岩蚀变带识别中应用

黄骅拗陷地处渤海湾盆地,构造活动强度大且频繁,致使该区火成岩非常发育。其中辉绿岩在该地区多有分布,受辉绿岩烘烤形成的蚀变带储集层为寻找新的油气藏类型提供了方向。以大港油田R 区钻遇辉绿岩蚀变带己知井的测井资料为出发点,总结了其测井响应及波阻抗特征;结合地震反演所得出的波阻抗反演数据体和多属性反演自然伽马数据体,对辉绿岩蚀变带的分布和厚度进行了预测。所得出的辉绿岩厚度与己知井统计吻合良好,为该区域辉绿岩蚀变带储层的下一步勘探提供了重要的参考依据。     

LACK OF COMMITMENT AND THE LEVEL OF DEBT

The tendency of countries to accumulate public debt has been rationalized in models of political disagreement and lack of commitment. We analyze in a benchmark model how the evolution of public debt is affected by lack of commitment per se. While commitment introduces indeterminacy in the level of debt, lack of commitment creates incentives for debt to converge to specific levels. One of the levels that debt often converges to implies no debt accumulation at all. In a simple example we prove analytically that debt converges to zero, and we analyze numerically more complex models. We also show in an imperfect credibility setting that a small deviation from full‐commitment is enough to obtain these results.