内燃机原理实验的教学改革实践

阐述了实验教学的重要性,并从教学内容、思路、教学队伍建设及教学的各个环节介绍了<内燃机原理>实验的改革,提高了学生独立解决问题的能力.     

社会公正与我国和谐社会之构建

关于社会公正的理论讨论大致形成了三种理论模式。在我国，作为和谐社会建构的首要价值原则，社会公正得到了普遍的认可。但由于种种原因，社会公正一直没有在人们的社会政治生活中得到完整且真正的体现。因此如何遏制社会不公正现象，维护社会公正，进而顺利实现社会主义和谐社会的伟大建构，已成为我们当今十分紧迫的任务。     

MODELING THE LIFETIME OF LONGITUDINAL ELEMENTS

In the study of the stochastic behaviour of the lifetime of an element as a function of its length, it is often observed that the failure time (or lifetime) decreases as the length increases. In probabilistic terms, such an idea can be expressed as follows. Let T be the lifetime of a specimen of length x, so the survival function, which denotes the probability that an element of length x survives till time t, will be given by S_T (t, x) = P(T > t/α(x), where α(x) is a monotonically decreasing function. In particular, it is often assumed that T has a Weibull distribution. In this paper, we propose a generalization of this Weibull model by assuming that the distribution of T is Generalized gamma (GG). Since the GG model contains the Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal models as special and limiting cases, a GG regression model is an appropriate tool for describing the size effect on the lifetime and for selecting among the embedded models. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained for the GG regression model with α(x) = cx^b . As a special case this provide an alternative to the usual approach to estimation for the GG distribution which involves reparametrization. Related parametric inference issues are addressed and illustrated using two experimental data sets. Some discussion of censored data is also provided.     

刑事和解的价值评析及完善机制之构想

刑事和解是刑事司法改革的一种尝试,实践以来,凸显其效率功能,符合新时期司法的社会需求,同时在操作上社会民众对其亦存有不少质疑,但从司法效率、社会管理又普惠民生的角度来看,有值得探讨不断完善的价值,必须进一步确立科学的指导原则,规定案件的适用范围,明确适用条件,完善相关机制。     

Estimating utility functions using generalized maximum entropy

This paper estimates von Neumann and Morgenstern utility functions using the generalized maximum entropy (GME), applied to data obtained by utility elicitation methods. Given the statistical advantages of this approach, we provide a comparison of the performance of the GME estimator with ordinary least square (OLS) in a real data small sample setup. The results confirm the ones obtained for small samples through Monte Carlo simulations. The difference between the two estimators is small and it decreases as the width of the parameter support vector increases. Moreover, the GME estimator is more precise than the OLS one. Overall, the results suggest that GME is an interesting alternative to OLS in the estimation of utility functions when data are generated by utility elicitation methods.     

现代刻字艺术性创作原则初探

中国现代刻字艺术已走过将近三十年的历程,如何提高现代刻字艺术表达能力,已为现代刻字艺术家、文艺理论工作者所重视。从现代刻字艺术发展实际而言,现代刻字艺术性创作原则,除了通常所说的写刻相合、形色俱佳等原则以外,还要注意把握刻前书写的艺术性原则、造型的弹性原则、书刻的审美价值原则等艺术性原则。而这些艺术性创作原则可以通过树立正确的职业意识、广读博阅猎取知识、不拘一格敢于创新、勤思苦炼善于雕琢等途径,在学习实践中不断提高。     

日语敬语新规文件的趣旨

现代日语敬语是表达敬意的一种语言手段，表现新型上下关系中相互尊重的民主理想。这种新的理念是在绝对敬语向相对敬语转变完成后提出来的，调和了敬意表达和关系认知两种观点的矛盾。日本政府以官方文件形式肯定敬语的五分类，适应了国内外敬语教学新形势的要求。我国的日语敬语教学应积极反映这些变化，在教材和教学法上采取新的对策。     

文化全球化与思想政治教育的创新

文化全球化浪潮对我们的思想政治教育既构成了新的挑战，又给予了新的发展机遇。应对文化全球化挑战的首要之举，是要坚持真理与价值的统一、继承与创新的统一、共性与个性的统一、拒斥与接纳的统一的方法论原则，去改进我们的思想政治教育工作。     

英汉礼貌用语的语用差异

受中西方文化差异的影响及不同的礼貌原则的指导，英汉两种语言虽有相对应的礼貌用语，包括招呼语、称谓语、请求语、谦语和敬语，但却在实际的语用中存在着较大的差异，这些差异的存在往往会导致跨文化交际的中断或失败。因此在跨文化交际中，交际双方要排除母语文化的干扰，正确把握和准确使用礼貌用语，从而达到理想的交际效果。     

拿来之后——期待可能性本土化之思考

期待可能性理论有坚实的哲学和法理基础,在关注人性、体现刑法谦抑性和发挥刑罚功能等方面具有强大的理论吸引力,但是也存在对罪刑法定原则可能构成潜在危害,对法官素质具有较高要求,对完善的配套法律制度较为依赖等问题。因此,引进该理论应当慎重,应当在明确该理论在中国犯罪构成中的地位、在中国刑法和刑法理论中的功能,并设置相应的程序保障后再予以适用。