跨国公司的技术控制与我国的自主创新战略

外商投资企业与其在华建立研发机构的巨大悬殊性,及其在华研发机构控股化、独资化运作模式决定了外资企业研发机构不可能成为我国科技发展的有力助手。其对华实施的“研发链分工”和“技术标准”战略,决定了我国必须走自主创新之路。为此,政府应该积极转变角色,并充分发挥采购制度对技术创新的促进作用,努力创造一个鼓励创新的良好环境。而企业也应该抛弃照搬他人技术的行为,积极引导员工加强内部管理,开展创新活动,形成自己的创新性技术。     

Measures of individual risk attitudes and portfolio choice: Evidence from pension participants

We use a large non-student sample to test how distinct measures of risk-attitudes relate to each other, to demographic characteristics and to real-life risk taking in the financial domain. These measures, namely the Bomb Risk Elicitation Task (BRET), self-reported willingness to take risks in general, the choice in a hypothetical lottery, the score in the Domain Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale, appear to be positively correlated and exhibit a certain degree of consistency. Furthermore, a subset of these measures is driven by similar demographic characteristics as such that males are more risk seeking and risk-aversion increases with age. Using extensive data on the retirement portfolios of the participants during the years 2008–2014, we find that all of these measures are positively correlated with the riskiness of individual portfolios. The self-reported willingness to take risks in general appears to be the most relevant measure in predicting actual risk-taking behavior.     

Interdependency among addictive behaviours and time/risk preferences: Discrete choice model analysis of smoking, drinking, and gambling

This paper simultaneously measures the rate of time preference and the coefficient of risk aversion, as well as investigates the interdependencies of four addictive behaviours: smoking, drinking, pachinko (a popular Japanese form of pinball gambling), and horse betting among a sample of the Japanese population. We reach two main conclusions. First, there are significant interdependencies among the four addictive behaviours, in particular between smoking and drinking and between gambling on pachinko and the horses. Second, we conclude that the higher the time preference rate and the lower the risk aversion coefficient becomes, the more likely individuals smoke, drink frequently, and gamble on pachinko and the horses.     

构建有效的英语课堂提问策略

本文通过对英语课堂提问的现状调查，对提问中出现的主要问题及对应的策略进行探讨。     

高职公共英语改革问题探讨

高职公共英语课程是高等职业教育的一个有机组成部分,其目的是为社会培养生产、建设及管理第一线需要的高技能人才,培养学生实际应用语言的技能,特别是用英语处理与未来职业相关的能力。我国的高职、高专英语改革已经步入深化与发展阶段,但仍存在诸多问题,应通过多种对策以促进改革目标的实现。     

我国社会福利的发展取向:走进福利国家——基于风险社会理论的分析

风险社会理论是西方学者关于晚期现代性社会问题的一种思考。它虽然不能直接应用到我国语境中来,但能够促进我们对转型中的社会问题加以反思。从这个意义上,我国解决转型中的社会问题与社会风险的方略也与西方是不同的。当前中国正面临着多重社会风险,并且这些风险是不平等地分配的。要化解风险,需要我们建立制度化的社会福利制度,促进劳动力的去商品化、满足社会需要和维护社会公平。从长期来看,我们需要重返福利国家。     

Social perception of natural risks by local residents in developing countries—The example of the coastal area of Benin

Risk management and planning activities cannot be sustainably and efficiently implemented unless being based on a participative approach resulting from the problem consciousness and perception of the local inhabitants. This requires that the measures linked to problem perception and assessment by local stakeholders, above all by the population affected, are known. This investigation conducted in the flat Beninese coastal lagoon areas aims to assess the local inhabitants’ risk perception. The results are the following: (i) the stakeholders have group-specific ways of risk perception (according to ethnicity, social group, age); (ii) every risk management strategy should be based on the group-specific ways of risk perception and assessment; (iii) the acceptance of a given risk management strategy including interactive ways of participation can be advanced through education, dissemination of risk information as well as through communication between stakeholders.     

A conceptual framework for evaluating designs for corporate innovation

Innovation is becoming mandatory for an increasing number of organizations in order to sustain competitive advantage. This paper explores how designs for corporate entrepreneurship fit within other dimensions of a strategy configuration. To do this, first, seven innovation-related problems are diagnosed. The specific problem patterns arising in three representative approaches to corporate innovation efforts (internal research and development, joint ventures, and acquisition) are discussed. Next, issues related to strategy configuration are examined. The problem-accommodating characteristics associated with specific environmental domain choices and with two routes to competitive advantage are proposed. Hypotheses that reflect the problem characteristics of innovation approaches with the problem propensities resulting from organizational choices of domain and competitive advantages are offered. Specific directions for future research, as well as the practical applications of these concepts, are discussed.     

Communicating Contaminant Risks from Sport-Caught Fish: The Importance of Target Audience Assessment

A fish consumption health advisory has existed for New York Lake Ontario sport-caught fish since 1978. Our study objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of the advisory for reaching potential target audiences and to identify appropriate advisory content, style, and dissemination methods using a risk communication planning model as an evaluation framework. We used a combination of mail surveys and personal interviews with three target audiences (opinion leaders among recreational anglers and charter boat operators, migrant farm workers, and low-income individuals) and two communicator groups (fishery experts and health care experts). The New York Lake Ontario advisory appeared to be successful in reaching and encouraging risk-mitigating fish consumption behavior in recreational angler opinion leaders and low-income individuals but not in migrant farm workers. The advisory may not be reaching two sensitive subpopulations, women of childbearing age and children. Communicators and target audiences differed in their assessments of important information to include in an advisory. The health advisory could be improved with additional information such as risk-reducing cooking and cleaning methods and by diversifying the dissemination methods to reach the variety of audiences who potentially consume Lake Ontario fish.