Learning social work law: An enquiry-based approach to developing knowledge and skills

This paper, written jointly by tutors and students, discusses an enquiry-based approach to learning and assessing law as part of social work qualifying training in England. It is argued that social work law is an area of learning particularly suited to an approach in which enquiry and analysis skills are promoted through practical problem solving. The paper considers the theoretical rationale for this approach and identifies how this conceptual frame informs the learning and assessment structure. It identifies how students present evidence for assessment of their skill and knowledge development, through both written and verbal submission, and considers the learning outcomes achieved. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the approach as an example of knowledge and skill development through problem solving and reflection.     

作业成本管理系统与ERP相结合的分析与解决方案

现代制造信息系统的发展日益要求ERP与新的管理手段的不断结合,以期推陈出新,创造新的价值。论文通过对系统原理、构成与作业成本管理基本思想的分析,探讨了作业成本管理在ERP系统中发挥作用的可能性,两者相互结合的优势所在以及结合的途径。     

Antecedents of Innovativeness in Technology‐Based Services (TBS): Peering into the Black Box of Entrepreneurial Orientation

Innovativeness is the organization's capability for developing and introducing innovations. We argue that new combinations and recombinations of prior and new knowledge (by way of creating, assembling, and transforming knowledge) result in innovativeness in an organization. We further assert that a knowledge‐based focus on innovativeness is particularly important for firms that are technology‐based. The majority of studies focusing on innovativeness are in the entrepreneurship arena, and a large number of studies consider innovativeness as one of three dimensions of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct, the other two dimensions being proactiveness and risk‐taking. However, recent research has suggested peering into the black box of EO by disaggregating the EO construct and examining the interrelationships among its three components. Hence, using the knowledge‐based view and drawing from multiple disciplines, our study conceptualizes innovativeness as a criterion variable and investigates the antecedent role of proactiveness and risk‐taking propensity on innovativeness in the context of technology‐based services (TBS). We hypothesize that both proactiveness and risk‐taking propensity exhibit a curvilinear relationship with innovativeness and introduce organizational structure formality as a moderator to further explicate these relationships. Our results show that proactiveness has a curvilinear (inverted U relationship) with innovativeness, and that this relationship is attenuated by organizational structure formality. Additional analysis indicates that in TBS firms, risk‐taking propensity has a positive linear relationship with innovativeness, and this relationship is accentuated by organizational structure formality. Finally, we discuss important conceptual and practical implications of our study and provide suggestions for future research.     

试论按生产要素分配的必然性

本文从两个方面论证按生产要素分配的必然性。一是从社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度、公有制多种实现形式和社会主义市场经济体制的内涵及基本要求探讨按生产要素分配的基本理论依据。二是从社会生产力发展、社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度和社会主义市场经济体制的建立与完善等方面分析了按生产要素分配的实践意义。     

按质论价的经济学分析

按质论价是马克思价格理论中价格运行机制原理的简约表述。按质论价有两种形态。坚持按质论价对我国进一步深化市场化改革 ,充分发挥价格的运行、调控机制 ,加快经济结构的调整 ,规范市场秩序 ,提升经济运行质量 ,迎接“入世”和知识经济的挑战具有重要的理论和实践价值     

Supply Network Structure,Visibility, and Risk Diffusion: A Computational Approach

Understanding and managing supply chain risks is a critical functional competency for today's global enterprises. A lack of this competency can have significant negative outcomes, including costly production and delivery delays, loss of future sales, and a tarnished corporate image. The ability to identify and mitigate risks, however, is complicated as supply chains are becoming increasingly global, complex, and interconnected. Drawing on the complex systems and epidemiology literature, and using a computational modeling and network analysis approach, we examine the impact of global supply network structure on risk diffusion and supply network health and demonstrate the importance of supply network visibility. Our results show a significant association between network structure and both risk diffusion and supply network health. In particular, our results indicate that small‐world supply network topologies consistently outperform supply networks with scale‐free characteristics. Theoretically, our study contributes to our understanding of risk management and supply networks as complex networked systems using a computational approach. Managerially, our study illustrates how decision makers can benefit from a network analytic approach to develop a more holistic understanding of system‐wide risk diffusion and to guide network governance policies for more favorable health level outcomes. The article concludes by highlighting the main findings and discussing possibilities of future research directions.     

从威慑、遏制到制衡--论驻韩美军历史角色的转换

冷战时期驻韩美军的历史使命是威慑、遏制来自北方的进攻,2002年10月朝核危机以来的驻韩美军重新部署是朝鲜战争以来历次调整的继续,但其使命已经开始转变为对亚太力量的多方制衡。这一历史角色的重大转换必将对地区局势产生深远的影响。     

Goodness-of-fit tests for exponentiality based on a loss-of-memory type functional equation

Three goodness-of-fit tests for exponentiality based on the functional equation characterization 1?F(2x)=[1?F(x)]² for every x?0 are proposed and shown to compare well to several popular tests against common alternative cdf's. Small-sample critical values for α=0.10,0.05 are developed for the two superior test statistics and the asymptotic null-distributions are characterized.     

构建以人为本的和谐社会

社会主义和谐社会应是一个以人为本的社会。建设社会主义和谐社会的基础是经济的发展和物质生活水平的提高;和谐社会是人与自然和谐发展的社会;和谐社会能促进人的全面发展;和谐社会是一个实现社会公平的社会。     

Experiential and Informational Knowledge,Architectural Marketing Capabilities,and the Adaptive Performance of Export Ventures: A Cross‐National Study

Knowledge‐based view (KBV) theory posits that the acquisition and use of relevant knowledge is key to understanding organizational performance. However, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support or refute several important propositions underlying KBV theory explanations of organizational performance. In particular, the extant literature has focused on individual technical and scientific components of the knowledge bases of firms in dynamic industries, and largely ignored both different levels of informational and experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, and the increasingly important context of exporting. Our study addresses these knowledge gaps by developing a framework for export venture knowledge management and empirically examining relationships between different types of individual‐level and organizational‐level knowledge relevant to the market environment, architectural marketing capabilities, and the adaptive performance of export ventures. Using primary data collected in the United Kingdom and China, our study indicates that export ventures' organizational‐level experiential and informational knowledge, and individual‐level experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, is positively associated with export ventures' architectural marketing capabilities, which are in turn associated with the adaptive performance of export ventures.