Eye-tracking methodology: exploring the processing of question formats in web surveys

In social research, the use of agree/disagree (A/D) questions is a popular method for measuring attitudes. Research has shown that A/D questions require complex cognitive processing and are susceptible to response bias. Thus, some researchers recommend the use of item-specific (IS) questions. This study examines the processing of A/D and IS questions, using eye-tracking methodology. By recording respondents’ eye movements, how respondents process survey questions can be evaluated. The results reveal that IS questions cause more and longer fixations. However, this only applies to the response categories. There are no differences regarding the question stems. Altogether, it seems that IS response categories trigger deeper cognitive processing than A/D response categories.     

The Gender Gap in Orgasms: Survey Data from a Mid-Sized Canadian City

Objective: Previous research has established a gap in orgasm frequency between men and women. This study investigates explanations for the gender gap in orgasm. Methods: Crosstab analysis and logistic regression are used to examine the gender gap in orgasms from one Canadian city: Hamilton, Ontario (N = 194). Results: We find a strong association between women’s orgasms and the type of sexual behavior in which partners engage. Women who receive oral sex are more likely to reach orgasm. Conclusion: Sexual practices focused on clitoral stimulation are important to reducing the gender gap in orgasms.     

‘Refugees welcome?’ The interplay between perceived threats and general concerns on the acceptance of refugees – a factorial survey approach in Germany

The on-going migration of refugees to Europe has fuelled debates about the indigence of refugees and the perceived legitimacy of individual claims for asylum in different receptive countries. With a substantial body of research that has investigated the antecedents of attitudes towards immigrants, evidence on whether those underlying assumptions hold true for refugees as well remains scarce. The paper applies the framework of Intergroup Threat Theory to arrive at competing hypotheses with regard to the acceptance levels of refugees. We use pooled data from two probabilistic samples drawn in the German city of Dresden and apply a confounded factorial survey design to extend previous research on attitudes towards refugees. We find that natives perceive political persecution and war as justified reasons for seeking asylum in Germany, while socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and refugees are of minor importance. Foremost, the individual level of respondent’s fear of crime represents a crucial moderator of the perception of refugees as threatening.     

我校大学生课外体育健身俱乐部现状分析

高校课外体育活动作为高校体育教学的必要补充 ,在培养学生自我锻炼的意识和提高学生身体素质等方面显得尤为重要 ,各高校均根据各自的情况积极开展了活动。我校开设的课外体育俱乐部无论在活动的形式、内容、时间和项目方面 ,还是在试行有偿化服务的收费标准上均受到大学生的认可。但由于认识上的偏差及学校体育场地设施建设的滞后 ,在一定程度上影响了部分学生参与活动的积极性。正确引导、提高认识、加速场地设施的建设是我校课外体育俱乐部良性发展的根本保证。     

汕头大学学生通识教育的调查及分析

采用问卷调查的方法,通过对汕头大学本科生对通识教育看法的调查,发现汕头大学通识教育实施的现状是学生虽然不太清楚通识教育的意义,但是要求加强通识教育;希望通识教育课程以选修为主,内容以兴趣、轻松优先;要求进一步改革教学、考试方法。因此建议应向学生说明通识教育的意义,开设适切的通识教育课程,不断改进课程设置、教学及评价方式。     

湖南高校理工科大学生媒介素养教育调查与分析

提高媒介素养、加强媒介素养教育的呼声随着大众传媒日益深广的影响而显得越来越迫切。调查表明,理工科大学生对媒介资源的运用趋向理性,但对媒介素养的认知和批判能力的欠缺,反映了其媒介素养不够。同时,理工科大学生对媒介素养教育的主动参与性还远远不够。     

从意见（主义）到真理——关于当前提高高校“两课”实效性的哲学审视

当前高校两课的实效性相对低下,其主要原因是教师对两课的实效性存在普遍的误解、对学生的认知规律特点缺乏科学认识、教师自身的理论素养不高等。要切实提高两课教学的实效性,可以尝试走一条“从意见（主义）到真理”的哲学化路线：提取教材内容的真理性因素使之深刻化、深度耕读教材涉及的文本真理使之大众化、加大与两课相关的基础性研究使教师专业化等。     

区域发展理论演进的纵向考察

作者依据历史走向,考察了区域发展理论的产生、发展过程,概述了农业区域发展理论、工业区域发展理论、中心地发展理论、区域产业关连发展理论、区域增长极理论、区域发展阶段性理论以及现代区域发展理论的主要流派,系统地揭示了区域发展理论的思维脉络。     

2002年楚辞学国际学术研讨会暨中国屈原学会第九届年会论文综述

2002年楚辞学国际学术研讨会暨中国屈原学会第九届年会于6月13日至16日在宁波大学召开,来自国内外的115位学者参加了会议。提交这次会议交流的论文74篇,论文提要16篇,内容涉及到楚辞文艺学、楚辞社会学等七个分枝学科。     

大学生生命智慧现状的调查

从生命认知、生命非认知（生命情感和生命意志）、生命行为三个维度探讨大学生在技能、学习、学校、适应、交往、择业、恋爱、健康、家庭等方面的生命智慧,并对其进行了量化的分析。结果显示,大学生生命智慧的现状从总体来看是良好的,但仍有约20%的大学生生命智慧现状不容乐观。文章提出了若干教育建议,以期为大学生自杀的研究、预防和治疗提供科学依据,并为提高大学生生命智慧水平提供参考。