维多利亚女性艰难的身份认同--女性成长小说《简·爱》探析

《简.爱》不仅仅是女主人公简的浪漫史,更是她作为维多利亚时代的女性的艰难的成长史。全篇首尾呼应连贯一致的主线是女性作为父权社会的他者的混合身份自我认同的过程。通过这种认同,夏洛蒂为她的女主人公找到了既符合维多利亚道德规范又能保留女性相对独立的自我的实现灵与肉的协调的路,虽然这条道路在今天看来仍然具有某种乌托邦的成分。     

常州市育龄人群生育意愿及影响因素

基于调查研究数据,对常州市育龄人群的理想子女数、性别偏好和预期初育年龄进行了定量分析,并对不同特征人群的理想子女数进行对比研究。结果表明,常州市育龄人群不存在明显的生育性别偏好,少生晚生已成为其自觉自愿的选择。     

Professional vitality and career success: Mediation,age and outcomes

We propose a model that explains the complex phenomenon of successful career at work, and focuses on the antecedents of professional vitality at the workplace. The model sheds light on the role of professional vitality as an essential ingredient for successful careers. Using a survey design, we tested our model with a sample of 545 managers and professionals. The findings suggest effects of career attitudes on career outcomes, mediated by professional vitality. The relationship between professional vitality and age at work environment forms an inverse U shape curve, peaking at age of fifties, an optimistic note for the global aging workforce.     

Age stratification at work: Trends in occupational age segregation in the United States, 1950–2000

This paper adjudicates between competing accounts of recent trends in the amount and patterning of occupational age segregation. These accounts rely on narratives about: (1) the decline of age-graded mobility, (2) the rise of occupational volatility, and (3) the existence of dual labor markets, in particular increasingly bimodal age distributions in low-skill occupations. Using new log-multiplicative models and related methods, the findings show that overall age segregation declined between 1950 and 1990, which is consistent with the decline of age-graded mobility. Among women, though not among men, the findings show increasingly bimodal age distributions in particular low-skill occupations, which is consistent with a dual labor market. Starting in 1990, age segregation increased among men and may have increased among women, which is consistent with the occupational volatility narrative.     

A theory of age exclusion through closure: ‘Chronological age’ to ‘clinical need’

In an approach, I term ‘age exclusion through closure,’ I describe the exclusion of older people, from the workforce, and from hospital-based continuing care in Britain. Nineteenth century socioeconomic changes—the introduction of workplace technology, social surveys, the New Poor Law, and workhouse isolation, culminated in workforce exclusion on the grounds of chronological age. In the 20th century, the Poor Law ‘therapy’/‘succour’ divide, was recast in the Welfare State ‘health’/‘social care’ divide. Socioeconomic changes—the rising cost of health care, demographic change, the development of geriatric medicine, and economic restructuring, have served to allocatively ration ‘continuing care’ at this interface through the criteria of ‘clinical need.’ To conclude, age has become forged to clinical need, to become a formidable force of exclusion and exploitation perpetuating Poor Law closure between those ‘able’ and ‘unable’ to work, and creating a consequent ‘process of subordination’ within Welfare State capitalism.     

Does the degree of relative risk aversion vary with household characteristics?

This study examines household risk taking, using Swedish cross-sectional data based on tax returns from more than 7000 households for 1985. In contrast to previous studies, this study recognizes that households compose different risky portfolios because of their varying characteristics. This study also recognizes real assets as investment goods and takes into account the gains from diversification that emerge when real assets and financial assets are combined. The estimated risk aversion was found to be very large but not systematically correlated with any of the included variables, with the exception of age. The estimated age coefficient suggests that risk aversion increases with age.     

"黑暗时代"的曙光——古希腊"黑暗时代"的延续性与变革

长期以来,西方史学界认为,迈锡尼文明衰落后的四个世纪中,希腊一直处于"贫穷"、"无知"的状态中.但是,新近的研究表明"黑暗时代"不仅存在着与迈锡尼文明的联系,而且是古希腊历史上发生重大变革的时期.在这个时期,希腊的生产技术、经济结构、政治制度、艺术风格、宗教习俗以及社会模式都发生了深刻的变化,这些社会变革为希腊城邦文明奠定了基础.     

信息时代提高高校档案管理人员素质研究

如何提高高校档案管理人员的素质,是目前高校档案管理工作面临信息化、网络化、数字化亟待解决的问题。本文对信息时代高校档案管理人员应该具备的素质和存在的问题作了分析。认为提高高校档案管理人员的素质是促进档案管理工作规范化、制度化、科学化之关键所在。     

A Numerical Method for Estimating the Variance of Age at Maximum Growth Rate in Growth Models

Studies on maturation and body composition mention age at peak height velocity (PHV) as an important measure that could predict adulthood outcome. The age at PHV is often derived from growth models such as the triple logistic fitted to the stature (height) data. Theoretically, for a well-behaved growth function, age at PHV could be obtained by setting the second derivative of the growth function to zero and solving for age. Such a solution obviously depends on the parameters of the growth function. Therefore, the uncertainty in the estimation of age at PHV resulting from the uncertainty in the estimation of the growth model, need to be accounted for in the models in which it is used as a predictor. Explicit expressions for the age at PHV and, consequently the variance of the estimate of the age at PHV, do not exist for some of the commonly used nonlinear growth functions, such as the triple logistic function. Once an estimate of this variance is obtained, it could be incorporated in subsequent modeling either through measurement error models or by using the inverse variances as weights. A numerical method for estimating the variance is implemented. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated through comparisons in models where explicit solution for the variance exists. The method of estimating the variance is illustrated by applying to growth data from the Fels study and subsequently used as weights in modeling two adulthood outcomes from the same study.     

Discouraged vs. added workers: Variation by gender,age, and marital status

This paper analyzes the relationship between aggregate unemployment and the labor force participation of males and females of differing ages and marital circumstances. According to the discouraged-worker effect, a higher unemployment rate causes some workers to leave the labor force leading to a reduction in both the labor-force participation rate and the unemployment rate. To shed light on this statistical incongruity, a unique data set consisting of monthly observations from the Current Population Survey is used to extract the labor force participation rates of males and females of three different age categories and three different marital classifications. Impulse functions from vector error-correction models indicate that discouraged workers are more likely though not exclusively to consist of married males and females between 50 and 65 years of age. No statistically significant evidence of a net added-worker effect is found among married females or males in any age group.