Professional vitality and career success: Mediation,age and outcomes

We propose a model that explains the complex phenomenon of successful career at work, and focuses on the antecedents of professional vitality at the workplace. The model sheds light on the role of professional vitality as an essential ingredient for successful careers. Using a survey design, we tested our model with a sample of 545 managers and professionals. The findings suggest effects of career attitudes on career outcomes, mediated by professional vitality. The relationship between professional vitality and age at work environment forms an inverse U shape curve, peaking at age of fifties, an optimistic note for the global aging workforce.     

年龄的迷宫——清人年龄研究中的几个问题

清人年龄问题非常复杂,既有官年与实年之别,又有因传闻、传抄、版刻、校对、推算等方面不确、不慎而造就的错误;即使是来自本人自述或来自亲友的讣告、碑志、行状、家传、家谱等材料,也不尽可靠;至于正史、地方志及其他人物传记中所载,由于多来自该人物家族提供的行状、墓志、家传等,文献已经二次传抄,致误概率更大。欲研治清人年龄乃至古人年龄,有四个方面需要注意:一是明确文献优先等级;二是善于利用参照系;三是掌握古人一些特殊的年龄表达习惯;四是多闻阙疑。     

Age embodied

In this essay, I argue that social scientists might usefully theorize age and embodiment as mutually constituting accomplishments. Material from interviews with 15 adults over 50 illustrates the utility of this theoretical framework and reveals four main dimensions of embodiment—activity, fitness, and health; energy; appearance; and ailments and illness—that respondents draw on as they consider what it means to be both embodied and aged (i.e., having an age). In addition, the interviews show how respondents make social comparisons and employ age-adjusted standards as they interpret their bodies, activities, and capabilities in relation to age.     

Age stratification at work: Trends in occupational age segregation in the United States, 1950–2000

This paper adjudicates between competing accounts of recent trends in the amount and patterning of occupational age segregation. These accounts rely on narratives about: (1) the decline of age-graded mobility, (2) the rise of occupational volatility, and (3) the existence of dual labor markets, in particular increasingly bimodal age distributions in low-skill occupations. Using new log-multiplicative models and related methods, the findings show that overall age segregation declined between 1950 and 1990, which is consistent with the decline of age-graded mobility. Among women, though not among men, the findings show increasingly bimodal age distributions in particular low-skill occupations, which is consistent with a dual labor market. Starting in 1990, age segregation increased among men and may have increased among women, which is consistent with the occupational volatility narrative.     

A theory of age exclusion through closure: ‘Chronological age’ to ‘clinical need’

In an approach, I term ‘age exclusion through closure,’ I describe the exclusion of older people, from the workforce, and from hospital-based continuing care in Britain. Nineteenth century socioeconomic changes—the introduction of workplace technology, social surveys, the New Poor Law, and workhouse isolation, culminated in workforce exclusion on the grounds of chronological age. In the 20th century, the Poor Law ‘therapy’/‘succour’ divide, was recast in the Welfare State ‘health’/‘social care’ divide. Socioeconomic changes—the rising cost of health care, demographic change, the development of geriatric medicine, and economic restructuring, have served to allocatively ration ‘continuing care’ at this interface through the criteria of ‘clinical need.’ To conclude, age has become forged to clinical need, to become a formidable force of exclusion and exploitation perpetuating Poor Law closure between those ‘able’ and ‘unable’ to work, and creating a consequent ‘process of subordination’ within Welfare State capitalism.     

Does the degree of relative risk aversion vary with household characteristics?

This study examines household risk taking, using Swedish cross-sectional data based on tax returns from more than 7000 households for 1985. In contrast to previous studies, this study recognizes that households compose different risky portfolios because of their varying characteristics. This study also recognizes real assets as investment goods and takes into account the gains from diversification that emerge when real assets and financial assets are combined. The estimated risk aversion was found to be very large but not systematically correlated with any of the included variables, with the exception of age. The estimated age coefficient suggests that risk aversion increases with age.     

汉语年龄指称词的类型及文化意蕴探析

年龄指称词是专门用来指称年龄的词,一般可归纳为借代型、隐喻型、字迷型、白描型、衍生型、综合型等基本类型。透过蕴涵于年龄指称词中的传统文化事象与民族文化心理,可以窥见汉语深厚的文化意蕴。     

康乾时期京师文化的繁荣及其国际影响

康乾盛世是中国封建社会的辉煌时期,它在政治、经济、文化等很多方面,将中国传统社会推向了一个新的高峰。作为康乾盛世的核心,京师北京不可避免地在亚洲乃至世界的某些范围内受到人们的特别关注。在清代,朝贡体系覆盖了东亚的大部分地区,北京城处于这个体系中的核心地位。北京城对于朝贡国的影响力,不仅依托政治上的强势,也表现在思想文化上的强势。京师强势文化的产生,除了国家强盛的大背景之外,还有一系列的特殊的出自朝廷的高端文化举措。康乾时期另一个重要的文化现象是,进一步与西方文化接触,开始了超越朝贡体系的国际交往。历史显示,北京是古老文化的宝库,又是引领中国走向世界的先锋。北京的历史发展有其独特的经验,对其进行认真的总结,可以获得重要的启示。     

常州市育龄人群生育意愿及影响因素

基于调查研究数据,对常州市育龄人群的理想子女数、性别偏好和预期初育年龄进行了定量分析,并对不同特征人群的理想子女数进行对比研究。结果表明,常州市育龄人群不存在明显的生育性别偏好,少生晚生已成为其自觉自愿的选择。     

论人与自然的本原性和谐--自然之所以美的一个重要原因

以往的种种自然美理论 ,特别是“自然人化”说都程度不同地忽略了自然之所以美的一个重要原因 :人与自然的本原性和谐。它是人与自然的一种主要由血缘决定的自然而然、发自内心、不言自明、近似本能性的特殊的情感关系。“黄金时代”史前研究为其奠定了史前史的发生学基础 ,“归依体验”理论为其提供了审美心理学的印证 ,“回归自然”的主张和实际行动为其出具了历史实践证明 ,著名思想家的代表性论述为其积累了极富启迪的思想资料。