城市区域形成的集聚机制——基于集聚尺度的理论诠释

空间集聚存在不同的尺度,城市区域作为当今具有较强竞争力的区域空间组织是一种大尺度的集聚。经典集聚理论、模型以及相关扩展性实证研究为城市区域尺度集聚的形成提供了方向性的暗示。这种集聚在本质上是聚集力和分散力动态组合的一种空间结果,其中,分散力的增强对城市区域尺度集聚的形成起到了重要的作用。随着区际运输成本的降低,核心区域-外围区域间共享的区际外部性逐渐增强;核心区域的拥挤效应进一步加强了经济活动向外围转移的倾向,最终促使部分经济活动突破地区边界,在地理邻近的地域之间形成更强的空间依赖,呈现出大尺度的经济集聚。城市区域尺度集聚的经济性为发展城市群、促进区域一体化提供了理论依据,但在实践中也遇到很多障碍,这对政府在打破行政割据、促进要素自由流动以及加强中心城市周边地区发展方面提出了要求。     

唐宋洛阳分司长官对文人群体的影响——以裴度、钱惟演、文彦博、韩绛为中心

唐代东都留守和北宋西京留守是洛阳分司机构的长官,身份崇重。唐宋时担任洛阳分司长官的裴度、牛僧孺、钱惟演、文彦博、韩绛等人多位望崇盛,又具有文学才能,喜与文人交往,因而,对洛阳文人群体及其诗歌唱和活动产生了重要影响。他们的生活方式具有榜样和示范作用,他们也时常组织宴饮赋诗游赏等活动,许多诗歌唱和也是以分司长官为中心。     

我国农业适度规模的经营主体与路径选择

农业现代化是我国全面建成小康社会的物质保障,也是实现"四化同步"的关键。农业现代化的核心是农业生产力的提高,这得益于现代高效率生产要素的规模化使用。因此,农业的适度规模经营是实现农业现代化的根本途径,而农业适度规模经营的主体无疑是规模经营实现的践行者和推动者。集体化的适度规模经营代表了我国农业未来的发展方向。     

Susceptibility to Emotional Contagion

Abstract

This article reports a psychometric evaluation of a measure of susceptibility to emotional contagion, designed to measure the degree to which a person is vulnerable to “catching” and sharing the emotion experienced by another. The scale was examined to test its application to depression, burnout, and impairment among practicing social workers. Data from a probability sample of 751 practicing social workers were collected in an anonymous survey about social workers' health and work issues. The sample was split to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The factor analyses resulted in a revised scale that demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, good content validity, excellent factorial validity, and preliminary construct validity. Susceptibility to emotional contagion was related to burnout, depression, and professional impairment. Future recommendations are made and this instrument may be a useful tool for the identification, prevention, intervention, and education of social workers at risk for depression, burnout, and professional impairment.     

Do Shareholders Really Prefer Their Executives to Maximize the Equity Value? A Newsvendor Case*

In this article, we study how the operational decisions of a firm manager depend on her own incentives, the capital structure, and financial decisions in the context of the newsvendor framework. We establish a relationship between the firm’s cost of raising funds and the riskiness of the inventory decisions of the manager. We consider four types of managers, namely, profit, equity, firm value, and profit‐equity maximizers, and initially assume that they may raise funds to increase the inventory level only by issuing debt. We show that the shareholders are indifferent between the different types of managers when the coefficient of variation (CV) of demand is low. However, this is not the case when the CV of demand is high. Based on the demand and the firm’s specific characteristics such as profitability, leverage, and bankruptcy costs, the shareholders might be better off with the manager whose compensation package is tied to the firm value as opposed to the equity value. We, then, extend our model by allowing the manager to raise the required funds by issuing both debt and equity. For this case we focus on the equity and firm value maximizer managers and show that our earlier results (for the debt only case) still hold subject to the cost of issuing equity. However the benefit of the firm value maximizer manager over the equity maximizer manager for shareholders is considerably less in this case compared to the case where the manager can only issue debt. The Board of Directors can take these factors into consideration when establishing/modifying the right incentive package for the managers. We also incorporate the notion of the asymmetric information to capture its impact on the board of directors’ decision about the managers’ incentive package.     

政府治理、产权偏好与资本投资

本文从投资机会和融资约束视角分析了地方政府治理水平影响企业投资行为的机制,认为地方政府通过提供高质量的公共治理水平,帮助企业获得更多的投资机会和融资渠道,扩大企业投资规模,提高投资效率。以我国2005-2007年间上市公司为研究样本,本文实证检验的结果表明,较高的地方政府治理水平会提高公司的资本投资规模;政府治理影响企业资本投资与投资机会的敏感度在民营企业中更为显著,政府治理对国有企业资本投资的影响随着实际控制人的行政级别提高而降低。进一步研究发现,政府治理能够降低企业的融资约束,提高企业投资效率。     

人文奥运与北京古都旅游

北京的历史文化资源是其赢得第29届奥运会承办权的主要优势,而人文奥运的理念又给北京古都旅游带来了启示和契机。本文分析了北京古都旅游中存在的主要问题和有关认识上的偏差,提出了大力开展专项旅游的思路与主要对策,对北京古都旅游的创新进行了探讨。     

江苏省农产品加工业全要素生产率分析

随着江苏省农产品加工业的快速发展,产出增长过程中出现的高投入低效率是需要迫切解决的问题,如何进一步提升全要素生产率水平则成为关键所在。通过运用索洛余值法对江苏省1997—2009年农产品加工业经济增长率进行全要素生产率分析,发现产业仍处于劳动密集型阶段,总产出的增长率中全要素生产率做出的贡献较大。在结论基础上进一步提出相关对策建议:发展新型的劳动密集型产业,提高产业技术水平,扩大规模效应。