家庭暴力的原因及预防对策探微

目前,家庭暴力已成为越来越不容忽视的社会问题和影响社会稳定的不安定因素。其产生的原因既受到封建专制主义的文化传统和宗法等级制度的影响,也与当前社会竞争加剧给人们造成的巨大心理压力以及其他因素有关。其预防对策是要逐渐消除家庭暴力正常化的观念,鼓励被害人增强抗争意识,更要借助于公安机关的预防和打击。     

阿拉伯语语法推理思维的文化探析

语法是语言的结构方式和组织规则,它兼具人类共性和民族个性.语法规则是人类长期抽象思维的成果和社团约定,它反映着语言社团的文化规约和语言学家的思维方式.阿拉伯语语法与汉语截然不同,与印欧语系语言相似,属于有明显形态标记的形式语法,具有清楚的逻辑推理思维,即遵循概念、判断和推理的基础模式.本文对此现象进行了阐释,并探究其文化成因.     

Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators

Mediation and moderation are two theories for refining and understanding a causal relationship. Empirical investigation of mediators and moderators requires an integrated research design rather than the data analyses driven approach often seen in the literature. This paper described the conceptual foundation, research design, data analysis, as well as inferences involved in a mediation and/or moderation investigation in both experimental and non-experimental (i.e., correlational) contexts. The essential distinctions between the investigation of mediators and moderators were summarized and juxtaposed in an example of a causal relationship between test difficulty and test anxiety. In addition, the more elaborate models, moderated mediation and mediated moderation, the use of structural equation models, and the problems with model misspecification were discussed conceptually.

新型农村医疗保险中医方道德风险成因及对策分析

我国新型农村合作医疗保险从2003年开始推行,其采用第三方支付的方式,在解决农民因病返贫、致贫方面产生了积极的效果,但医方道德风险的普遍存在,对新型农村合作医疗保险存在很大的危害,本文通过对医方道德风险产生原因的分析,提出防范医方道德风险的对策。     

Attributing Outcomes to Social Policy Interventions – ‘Gold Standard’ or ‘Fool's Gold’ in Public Policy and Management?

In recent years there has been increased interest in outcome‐based social policy‐making and management. The UK has been in the forefront of this movement but similar movements have been identified internationally. This interest in outcome‐based decision‐making has been given particular impetus through the ‘results’‐based movement in evaluation and performance management since the 1980s, which has increased in scope over time, slowly changing its emphasis from cost reduction and measuring outputs to measuring outcomes. This change has been widely welcomed by policymakers, practitioners and academics. However, there is evidence that the reality is often rather less than the rhetoric. Moreover, the ‘attribution problem’ of attributing changes in outcomes to specific social policies has remained a major issue. The conceptual solution of constructing ‘cause‐and‐effect’ models, imported from the policy evaluation field, has only recently become common for operationalising these models. This article outlines the evolution of interest in outcome‐based social policy‐making up to recent times and the growing realization of the importance of the attribution problem. It then outlines both how the ‘cause‐and‐effect’ policy modelling approach can partially tackle the attribution problem, but also its inherent limitations. Lastly, the article uses several case studies in current UK social policy‐making to demonstrate the potential importance of the reasoning embedded within cause‐and‐effect models but also the dangers in policy‐making which adopts this approach without understanding its conceptual basis or in fields where it is inappropriate, given the current state of our knowledge of social policy systems.     

浅析大学生犯罪行为的原因与预防

大学生犯罪有增多的趋势,从原因上讲,有社会、家庭、学校和个人的因素。在预防、减少乃至杜绝大学生犯罪问题上,高校应发挥主要的作用。其次,大学生本人也应学会自我调适和防范,把引发犯罪的诱因消灭在萌芽时期。     

新时期见义勇为价值系统的失调与重建

见义勇为是社会主义核心价值观的应有之义,但现在很多人"不愿"甚至"不敢"见义勇为。其原因在于:多元观念对个人价值的冲击,思想舆论争论造成价值判断模糊,保障制度滞后带来后顾之忧,法律制度缺乏导向力量。见义勇为价值系统重建需要我们以发展的观点来认识转型期的"道德阵痛",建设人文化的法律环境,完善社会保障制度,充分审视传统价值,利用好新媒体,促进见义勇为价值深入人心。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦两次革命之共性及其对中国的影响

吉尔吉斯斯坦在2005年3月和2010年4月分别爆发了两次革命。这两次革命都促使了前任政府的下台。两次革命在爆发原因、背后推手及其民族矛盾等方面都有着共性。这两次革命同时也对邻国的中国产生了一定影响。     

治理出生性别比失衡问题的再思考

针对我国20世纪80年代以来出生人口性别比持续升高现象分析认为,在我国,造成出生人口性别比升高的直接原因是非法胎儿性别鉴定的存在,深层次原因则是源于农村较低的经济发展水平和由此引起的社会保障制度不完善,以及国家在倡导男女平等的基本国策方面缺乏切实有效的政策措施。由此提出,建设社会主义新型生育文化、制定提高女性社会地位的相关政策、加强相关法规建设、完善社会保障制度以及借鉴他国成功经验等应是综合治理出生人口性别比升高的具体对策。     

考试舞弊现象成因及对策分析

舞弊是考试活动中的痼疾,同时也是一种独特的社会现象。考试制度作为一种次级社会制度,是执行考试这一社会活动的主体并承担着由此产生的社会关系。研究考试舞弊成因、危害和解决措施,应从考试制度与人、社会的关系中加以把握。