“废盟”与“废省”：国民政府时期知识界的内蒙古省制化之争

国民政府时期,知识界对内蒙古省制化问题高度关注,他们就内蒙古社会治理是“分省自治”还是“单一自治”、族群管理是采取“属地主义”还是“属人主义”、行政建制是废盟旗还是废省县等问题展开了不大不小的争论,其核心是以区域主义还是族际主义来治理内蒙古的问题。20世纪知识界的内蒙古省制化之争已基本淡出了人们的视野,然而,以公民平等还是族群平等来解决边疆问题,是一个至今仍有意义的政治问题。     

司法裁决可接受性:理论、困境及优化路径

司法裁决可接受性理论的提出,主要是充分采纳受众的意见,以在主体间达成基本的司法共识。这符合司法价值取向的实践属性依归。然而,此理论在我国司法行政化语境下遭遇诸多困境,形式上表现为要承受盲从民意或社会效果审判带来的问题批判,实质要害在于此理论是为法外异质因素转化为法内裁决标准提供正当化依据,背离法治论者恪守的“以法律为准绳”理念。采取论辩程序的理性规制与重建司法裁决依据的标准等两种具体优化方案,能够有效地消解理论困境带来的裁决弹性化与不确定性,从而建构出满足受众应对可能生活需要的可接受性裁决。     

比较中的社会转型期我国文化规范常模解析

对转型期人们行动背后普遍存在的基本社会文化规则进行解读和分析是具有时代迫切性的话题。在历史中选择和传承的社会文化规范维系着社会成员心理与行动的标准,也使各种社会文化呈现出特殊性。当前我国社会文化经历着从传统与现代之间,血缘家庭到社会责任的转变;以及在中国与西方之间,经历着集体主义到个人主义的转变。当前中国面临着转型期文化规范常模的多重选择,需要在思想与心理的层面上完成社会和谐与发展的社会文化常模构建。     

未来民法典中亲属立法的定位分析

完善我国的亲属立法,关键是要转变长期以来占据我们思想的传统意识,给我国亲属立法在民法典和民法体系中一个准确的定位,这是亲属立法健全制度建设和条款设置的前置性问题,也是根本性问题.从亲属法的权利基础定位、内容定位及价值定位等方面分析论证,强调要树立权利本位思想,限制公力干预;要注重亲属、婚姻的自然性的权利;要增加亲属间的身份性权利和义务的规定.     

Behavioral Determinants of Nonprofit Board Performance

There is an increased awareness that the performance of boards (good governance) is not only determined by structural determinants but by behavioral determinants as well. These behavioral determinants might be particularly important for public and nonprofit governance, where the role of the board is more diffuse and heterogeneous than in corporate governance. Here we investigate how social dynamics within boards in secondary education influence their performance. We follow a concise model that includes cognitive conflict, the use of expertise, effort norms, and social cohesion as determinants of board task performance. A survey among all secondary schools in the Netherlands serves as the empirical underpinning for this process‐oriented model of good governance. We show that the behavioral determinants have different effects on the control task and advice task of boards. Also, we find that cognitive conflicts in supervisory boards do not lead to less but rather to more social cohesion within boards. Building on these findings, we suggest a revised model of the behavioral determinants of nonprofit board performance.     

顾成、罗汝芳“文”“武”二墓探源

明镇远侯顾成以武官身份镇守贵州而建立功勋，其墓葬后世称“武墓”;罗汝芳是阳明后学的代表性人物，其墓葬后世则称“文墓”。传二墓均立于安顺九溪村河畔。已有研究表明，“武墓”确为顾成长子顾统与其妻俞氏合圹，《顾夫人俞氏圹志》厘清了该墓茔之讹传数百年的谬误;“文墓”虽疑窦重重，为考古研究带来了许多疑云，却增加了对罗汝芳晚年生活际遇、思想由激进转为隐逸突变的深思，且从罗汝芳的“韦氏之识”“伤子之痛”和“隐居之谜”事件分析，其隐逸并葬于安顺九溪之说极为可能。     

A Decision Framework for Managing Risk to Airports from Terrorist Attack

This article presents an asset‐level security risk management framework to assist stakeholders of critical assets with allocating limited budgets for enhancing their safety and security against terrorist attack. The proposed framework models the security system of an asset, considers various threat scenarios, and models the sequential decision framework of attackers during the attack. Its novel contributions are the introduction of the notion of partial neutralization of attackers by defenders, estimation of total loss from successful, partially successful, and unsuccessful actions of attackers at various stages of an attack, and inclusion of the effects of these losses on the choices made by terrorists at various stages of the attack. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated in an example dealing with security risk management of a U.S. commercial airport, in which a set of plausible threat scenarios and risk mitigation options are considered. It is found that a combination of providing blast‐resistant cargo containers and a video surveillance system on the airport perimeter fence is the best option based on minimum expected life‐cycle cost considering a 10‐year service period.     

Off the record: Margaret van Kleffens and the gendered history of Dutch World War II diplomacy

This article makes the case for recovering women’s roles from the forgotten corners of diplomatic history, and for considering the consequences of the gap between feminist and non-feminist research. It shows how ignorance of the gendered nature of diplomatic norms and practices impacts our understanding of diplomatic history, and how specific biographies are hampered by gender blindness in particular. Using the history of Margaret van Kleffens and Dutch World War II diplomacy as an example, the article demonstrates how historians’ continued neglect of the role of women and gender norms has influenced representations of twentieth-century diplomacy. To dismiss the history of gender and of women as by definition irrelevant to the actions of states and of male statespersons is not simply part of a self-appointed focus on the political at the expense of the personal; rather, it omits much of the political history too, reproducing stereotypes and resulting in a skewed understanding of diplomatic history and foreign policy decisions. The article argues that both historians and feminist scholars need to historicize gender in order to recognize women’s roles in diplomacy, and so gain a better understanding of the history of international politics as a whole.     

儒家经济伦理的基本规范

本文对儒家经济伦理在经济运行过程中生产、交换、分配、消费四个环节所表现出来的伦理规范作了初步的探讨。指出这些基本规范作为儒家经济伦理的基本内容将会在我们构建社会主义市场经济制度的过程中产生重要的影响。我们应该对儒家经济伦理基本规范经过批判扬弃和价值转换,融入现代经济伦理当中,使其成为社会主义市场经济发展的精神动力。     

网络化引起的语言变异现象研究

随着全球网络的兴起和普及,传统的语言表达方式迅速转变为借助虚拟的网络平台进行交际的网络语言表达方式。受网络独特的虚拟交际语境、社会文化心理的渗透、 传媒的舆论引导等因素的影响,网络语言的语音、词汇、语法、书写等方面都发生了不同程度的变异,网络语言变异创造了大量言简义丰、机智传神的语言符号,散发出其特有的 语言魅力,引发了学界对语言变异现象的关注。