古诗英译研究的认知新视野

本文拟从认知的角度探讨古诗英译 ,认为古诗英译不仅是语言形式的转换 ,更是一种认知行为。对原语的理解和翻译过程中对语码的表述都与认知有关。具体说 ,古诗英译是一个有关原诗作者、译者和译语读者认知语境趋同度大小的问题     

Interaction dynamics: The case of the water sector skills plan in South Africa

Despite extensive and continuous efforts to strengthen the capacity of people, organizations and institutions, there is evidence of an increasing gap between the existing and required capacities within the water sector. Consensus seems to be emerging regarding the need for national strategies to improve water sector capacity development. This paper analyses the dynamics of actors’ interactions and their characteristics (motivation, cognition and power) during the formulation and implementation of a specific capacity development strategy, namely the Water Sector Skills Plan (SSP) in South Africa. Based on the Contextual Interactive Theory and empirical findings, our analysis indicates slow progression and challenges with implementing the SSP, mainly due to the lack of consultation with key stakeholders during the formulation stage, a lack of data sharing among the target group (the Sector Education Training Authorities), and a lack of capacities within the key implementing organizations. These policy dynamics need to be taken into account when advocating for national capacity development strategies as a solution for challenges with water sector capacity development. The paper proposes the recommendations that are of relevance for the SSP as well as similar initiatives in other countries.     

对农村小学教育现状的考察和思考——以河南省新乡市为例

为了解农村小学教育现状,项目组成立"农村小学教育实践考察小组",前往新乡市三所农村小学进行义务支教活动,为该小学素质教育的提高带来新生力量的同时,对三所小学基本情况进行考察,并在实践考察的基础上进行了讨论和思考。针对三所学校的情况进行共性和个性分析,并提出建议。     

The Roads Ahead: Collision Risks, Trends, and Safety of Drivers

The propensity of fatal traffic collisions transcends driver age and reinforces the need to evaluate, among other factors, the impact of roadway lighting and other features of driver vision, perception, and performance. Collisions may result from a driver's inability to notice delineation, recognize warnings, and other possible road safety controls during various lighting conditions. Hence we compare the relative accident involvement ratio (RAIR) of collisions of millions of drivers from two U.S. States over an 11-year period, 1991–2001. We associate collision trends through RAIR with bathtub curves that are commonly identified with product failure and reliability engineering. Hence we observe the need for improved and automated driver's license testing techniques and applications, especially as these relate to the visual and cognitive abilities of drivers of all ages. Our findings may ultimately improve motorist safety, save lives, and benefit numerous other states, countries, and agencies, including, but not limited to, aviation, commercial vehicles, maritime, and rail sectors, among others.     

美学与认知心理学的交叉:审美认知研究进展

当代信息科学、认知心理学与美学的交融,催生了"审美认知"这一崭新研究领域。近几十年来对于审美认知的研究集中在审美认知的加工机制、神经机制研究,及从专家(审美)与生手对审美对象的不同表现来推论大脑有关于审美信息加工特点,审美认知影响因素等方面。然而,国外虽已构建了一些模型,并探测到一些不同加工阶段及其对应的脑区,却未把伴随审美认知必然产生的审美体验、审美价值判断等在内的诸多因素综合考虑在内,有关的审美材料也还限于图片视觉、简单的听觉和乐音刺激。     

Effects of Friends' Characteristics on Children's Social Cognitions

Based on the notion that friends play a fundamental role in children's social cognitive development, the study investigates the relation between friends' characteristics (i.e., aggressiveness and prosociality) and children's interpretation of social cues and generation of responses in hypothetical provocation situations. The study was conducted with a sample of 322 children (155 boys, 167 girls) from first through sixth grade. The results showed that, for older children only, friends' aggressiveness predicted an increase of the frequency of aggressive solutions, whereas friends' prosociality predicted an increase of the frequency of pacifistic/prosocial solutions. The latter effect was only true for non-aggressive children, though. The results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms underlying the differential effects of friends' characteristics on children's social cognition.     

动机研究的历史演变

心理学中的动机研究以20世纪60年代为界可分为两个时期，之前主要以行为主义和精神分析理论为主导，强调本能、冲动、驱力、体内平衡等生物性的因素在决定人的动机和行为方面的直接作用。60年代以后，认知的观点逐步介入到动机研究中来，研究的课题发生了很大的变化，出现了归因理论等强调认知因素的动机理论，并使传统的基于行为主义观点的自我效能理论、习得无助理论在内容上发生了巨大的变化。     

从认知角度看隐喻观对英语学习的启示

本文讨论了从认知角度看隐喻以及其在教学当中所起的作用和意义,重点讨论了概念隐喻作为一种思维方式对培养学生在英语学习当中以隐喻思维去认知世界,尤其对英语教学中的词汇,语用能力以及跨文化交际能力的提高有十分重要的意义。隐喻之中概念通常从可及性较强的概念映射到可及性较弱的概念。揭示这一过程并结合意义学习理论,我们能更加合理地系统地将新知识与已有的认知结构系统结合,从而学习并保持知识,这样能更有效地帮助学生建立起深层的理解和记忆系统。     

中国心灵哲学中的镜子比喻——兼与西方哲学比较

中国心灵哲学借用镜喻展示了丰富人学内涵,认为人是与天相通,具有情感、德性、理智诸多心灵层面的综合主体。借用镜喻,道家表述了以理化情的道理;佛教阐释了明心见性的真谛;早期儒家重视认知,借用镜喻说明格物致知的理论;宋代理学则探讨心灵三方面,走向了综合主体的建构。而西方传统心智哲学,借用镜喻通过主客二分的世界观将人定义为认知主体。     

建国以来我党对“三农”关系认知的历史性跨越

建国以来中国共产党＂三农＂政策的演变体现了对＂三农＂认知的变化,其中蕴含了我党＂三农＂思想的内在关联性。历经不同时期后我党对＂三农＂关系的认知突破线性思维的局限,发生了历史性跨越,体现了中国共产党具有的自我纠错机制,推动了＂三农＂政策及思想的日臻成熟。回顾历史,展望未来,发展农村集体经济将是解决＂三农＂问题的根本途径。