商会的产生机理:一个利他主义的解释

对于只提供集体公共产品的商会来说,如果行业内的企业都是利己主义者,且加入商会完全自愿,则"搭便车"的行为会使得集体行动无法实现,商会的发生机制亦将成为难解之迷。假如行业中存在利他主义的企业,其利他行为将使其他企业意识到行业的共同利益,从而抑制各自的机会主义倾向。利他主义者的存在起到了一种"凝结核"的作用,他们除了付出物质上的代价去增进行业的共同利益外,还会付出时间和精力去游说其他企业,推动行业的集体行动。多数行业的市场结构是不完全竞争的,企业规模参差不齐,一些规模较大的企业对于通过集体行动来获得合作剩余有着更强烈的需求,为了增进自身利益和整个集团的利益,这些规模较大的企业会成为商会的发起人。     

员工的忠诚、合作与组织的集体创新能力--来自浙江省的实证研究

本文从组织行为学的角度阐述了集体创新理论的发展,并对集体创新的概念进行了界定.在理论上分析了影响企业形成集体创新能力的其中的两个因素(员工的忠诚、合作),在此基础上,建立了理论模型.用浙江省小企业的调查数据从实证上进行验证,得出影响企业集体创新能力的两因素模型.在结果讨论中,对小企业的管理理念提出一些建议.最后指出外部环境处于劣势的小企业,应把企业的集体创新能力作为形成小企业竞争优势的源泉.     

Cold wars and hot issues: management of responsibilities

This paper provides a review of the Ninth International Conference of the Academy of Human Resource Development (Asia Chapter) that took place in Shanghai, China on 11–14 November 2010. In addition to providing a brief review of the pre-conference workshops and keynote addresses, this paper presents the outcomes of the conference using four main themes: (1) corporate training; (2) the development of key personnel; (3) career development and work-life balance; and (4) organizational learning and learning organization. In conclusion, the authors share their thoughts on the contributions of international conferences to the field of human resource development.     

Social Policy from Olson to Ostrom: A Case Study of Dutch Disability Insurance

Social policy development and reform in corporatist welfare states often follows a pattern of subsequent collectivization and de‐collectivization. This has to do, the article argues, with the social problems these phases address. Early social policy development forms a response to Olson‐type collective action problems that organized actors (labour and employers' organizations) in the field experience: state‐obliged benefits solve free rider problems, while bipartite administration allows labour and employers' organizations to organize their constituencies. This solution to Olson‐type collective action problems, however, also constitutes an Ostrom‐type collective action problem. Such a system functions as a common pool resource. Individual benefit take‐up is experienced as free and the costs of benefit take‐up are collectivized in the common pool. The article illustrates this pattern with reference to Dutch disability insurance.     

从职业病防治看我国集体合同制度的不足与完善

职业病防治法的规定已经较落后,应当对其进行修改,扩大职业病的范围,同时为集体合同约定职业病条款预留空间。改革职业病的管理体制,积极完善工会组织,充分利用行业集体合同、区域集体合同和专项集体合同等现有机制,通过集体协商,引导劳动者和用人单位通过集体合同解决职业病防治问题,无论对于合同双方主体还是对于整个社会都是有益的。     

Determinants and Mapping of Collective Perceptions of Technological Risk: The Case of the Second Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan

Nuclear power is a highly controversial and salient example of environmental risk. The siting or operating of a nuclear power plant often faces widespread public opposition. Although studies of public perceptions of nuclear power date back to 1970s, little research attempts to explain the spatial heterogeneity of risk attitude toward nuclear power among individuals or communities. This article intends to improve the knowledge about the major factors contributing to nuclear power plant risk perceptions by mapping the geographical patterns of local risk perception and examining the determinants in forming the nature and distribution of the perceived risk among potentially affected population. The analysis was conducted by a case study of the Second Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Taiwan by using a novel methodology that incorporates a comprehensive risk perception (CRP) model into an ethnographic approach called risk perception mapping (RPM). First, we examined the determinants of local nuclear power risk perceptions through the CRP model and multivariate regression analysis. Second, the results were integrated with the RPM approach to map and explain the spatial pattern of risk perceptions. The findings demonstrate that the respondents regard the nuclear power plant as an extremely high‐risk facility, causing them to oppose the SNPP and reject the compensation payment to accept its continuing operation. Results also indicate that perceptions of nuclear power risk were mainly influenced by social trust, psychological and socioeconomic attributes, proximity, and the perceived effects of the SNPP on the quality of everyday life.     

SOCIAL MOVEMENT NETWORKS VIRTUAL AND REAL

This paper discusses the impact of 'computer mediated communication' (or CMC) on political activism and social movements. CMC may be expected to affect collective action by improving the effectiveness of communication and facilitating collective identity and solidarity. However, the heterogeneity of social movements undermines generic arguments and their relationship to CMC. Accordingly, the potential consequences of CMC on three different types of political organizations are discussed: organizations mobilizing mainly participatory resources, organizations focusing on professional resources, and transnational networks. The potential to build 'virtual [social movement] communities' seems highest among sympathizers of movement organizations who act professionally on behalf of causes with vast resonance among the public opinion and low radical potential. All in all, the most distinctive contribution of CMC to social movements still seems to be instrumental rather than symbolic. Existing bonds and solidarities are likely to generate more effective mobilization attempts than was the case before the diffusion of CMC; it is more disputable though as to whether CMC may create brand new social ties where there were none.     

弗洛伊德的本能论与叔本华、尼采的唯意志论

叔本华、尼采的唯意志论是一种哲学世界观,弗洛伊德的本能论则是具有一定科学性的哲学,他们之间具有一种内在关联,从而使弗洛伊德的思想汇入西方哲学源流之中。从弗洛伊德的本能学说看,叔本华和尼采的意志论都包含着一个内在矛盾,即无法在理论上逻辑地说明与生存意志及权力意志相反的现象,因为二者都共同缺失一个与生存意志或权力意志相对等的原则,这个原则就是死亡原则。     

论土地征收制度的完善与建设用地使用权 制度改革的统筹协调

文章在对我国《物权法》中土地征收规定进行评述的基础上,指出这一制度在适用中还需要完善相关的配套法律、法规。文章从制度间相互联系和作用的视角提出完善土地征收制度须与我国建设用地使用权制度改革联系起来一并进行。文章的重点是对完善土地征收制度提出具体建议:将国家对集体土地的征收限制为公共利益目的,将现有的非公共利益的土地征收转变为由集体与土地使用者直接协商,由集体将非农建设用地使用权进行出让。     

“是我非我”的启示——从不确定性的王国到翻译书写

借鉴当代法国史学领域内的研究成果,对翻译实践中出现的“是我非我”现象做了一番梳理和分析,并指出无意识和一致性逻辑之间的矛盾是造成译者“是我非我”的根本原因。基于这个矛盾,本文认为,翻译的本质是模棱两可的;翻译的问题不是方法上的问题;翻译的方法只能是一种不确切的方法;所谓的翻译其实是作者和译者共同完成的翻译书写。