Leaders’ influence on collective action: An identity leadership perspective

What makes followers act collectively when called upon by their leaders? To answer this question, participants were randomly allocated to leader–follower relationships embedded either in a partisan group or a workgroup context; and the relationship between identity leadership and collective action through ingroup identification (Study 1: N = 293) or both ingroup identification and group-efficacy (Study 2: N = 338) were assessed. Based on the model of identity leadership, we predicted and found that identity leadership was positively related with intentions for collective action when called upon by the leader, both via ingroup identification and belief in group efficacy. As predicted, the social identity process for the effectiveness of identity leadership was more important in partisan groups than in workgroups. The efficacy related process was group context invariant. These results have implications for our understanding of group processes involved in the leadership in collective action.     

龟兹燃灯佛授记造像及相关问题的探讨

燃灯佛授记造像,是佛教艺术中有特色的形象,在世界各地都有遗存。近年在库车也有发现,其形式有壁画和雕塑两种。本文对龟兹地区燃灯佛授记造像从佛经依据、艺术来源、题材内容、造像分布、类型区分、年代划分及所反映的佛教派属等问题,作初步的探讨。     

论集体土地所有权实现的制度障碍及其完善

我国集体土地所有权制度存在明显的弊端,表现为主体缺位、内容残缺、权利实现形式单一、客体范围不明等,严重地制约了集体土地所有权的实现。应从明确集体土地所有权人私权主体地位、实现集体土地所有权主体多元化改革、完善权利人的权能、发展集体土地所有权实现形式、明确集体土地所有权客体范围等方面加以完善,以促进集体土地所有权实现。     

The Differential Impacts of Collective Psychological Ownership and Membership Identification on Work Burnout and Engagement

Work burnout and engagement are big concerns among workers in social services profession. While the job demands-resources (JD-R) model has been a key perspective in explaining burnout and engagement, there are few studies on the psychological mechanism of the model. In particular, the role of collective psychological ownership (CPO) and membership identification (MI), emerging constructs in workplace wellbeing, are to be explored. The study aimed to explore the roles of CPO and MI in explaining work burnout and engagement in a JD-R model framework. Through snowball and convenience sampling methods, an online self-report survey was conducted in 2016. Totally 761 full-time social service workers in Shenzhen and Guangdong Province, China completed the questionnaire. Bivariate and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed.

The results reveal the differential impacts of CPO and MI on burnout and engagement in the JD-R model framework: (1) Job resources and CPO contribute most additional R square to the models predicting work engagement; (2) Job resources and MI contribute most additional R square to the models predicting burnout; (3) CPO partially mediates the relationship between job resources and burnout; and (4) CPO partially mediates the relationship between job demands and work engagement.

In conclusion, CPO and MI appear to be distinct constructs with differential impacts on work burnout and engagement. Furthermore, CPO appears to have a significant role in the psychological mechanism of the JD-R model in explaining work burnout and engagement.     

Does the Representation of Household Behavior Matter for Welfare Analysis of Tax-benefit Policies? An Introduction

A widely shared intuition holds that individual control over money matters for the decision process within the household and the subsequent distribution of resources and welfare. As a consequence, there are good reasons to depart from the unitary model of the household and to explore the possibilities offered by models of the family accounting for several decision makers in the household and for the potential impact of tax reforms on the balance of power. This paper summarizes both the methodological and empirical findings presented in the next three papers of this special issue of the Review of the Economics of the Household. This series of contributions primarily entails a concrete comparison of the policy implications of the choice between the unitary and a particular multi-person representation: the collective representation. On the one hand, it suggests a methodology to implement the collective model of labor supply in a realistic context where participation is modeled together with working hours, and where the full tax-benefit system is accounted for. On the other hand, the empirical part relies on comprehensive simulations of tax reforms in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and allows to quantify the distortions that may affect policy recommendations based on the unitary model.

合本子注疏论

佛教经典流传到中国,最先并非直接的梵语原典,而是经由西域各国的所谓“胡语”翻译而来,从胡语译成汉语后,往往失去梵语佛典的初本面目。在佛教经典传授的初期,传授者采用“格义”的阐释方式,把佛教术语与中国本土固有的概念相对应,以期很好地理解经义。魏晋之际,随着一经多译的大量出现,“合本子注”的形式不但为佛经翻译和阐释带来了方便,使佛经更加中国化,而且还影响到其它古书的注释,最终确立的“集注”体成为注释学上最重要的体例,古代有名的注释典范之作,大都采用“集注”的形式,注释水平得到极大提高。     

我国共同侵权制度的再探讨

在侵权法立法之际,我们应当再次探讨该制度,以构建完整的、妥当的共同侵权制度.就共同加害行为而言,行为的"共同"的认定应采共同故意说,行为人应承担连带责任.就拟制的共同加害行为而言,应妥当认定教唆人和帮助人,同时应以责任能力为基础,来确立教唆或帮助未成年人或精神病人时的责任承担.就共同危险行为而言,它是指加害人不明,行为人应承担连带责任,并可以通过举证因果关系不存在而免责.此外,共同加害行为制度不能扩张适用于无过错责任案件,而共同危险行为制度可以扩张适用于无过错责任案件;团伙成员的责任制度不宜规定在侵权法之中.     

代情结与中国人的无意识结构

俄底浦斯情结是弗洛伊德人格理论中一个至关重要的概念，它涵盖了弗氏理论体系得以建立的最重要的几个工作假设。然而，俄底浦斯情结是普适的还是文化的?作者通过研究认为，俄底浦斯憎结不能有效地解释中国人的无意识领域及人格结构化过程，代情结才是中国人无意识结构中的核心情结。     

双重目标下的单一导向:乡村环境治理的实践类型与现实困境

“政策-对策”“生产-生态”是乡村环境治理中的两对基本关系。推进乡村生态振兴,要求区域在发展过程中实现“政策”与“对策”相匹配、“生产”与“生态”相统一。依据这两对基本关系,通过借鉴韦伯的理想类型学说,探究我国乡村环境治理的四种实践类型,并借此阐述了环境治理的动态演变过程。这一模型表明:从历时态看,我国乡村环境治理的进路总体上呈现出了从“生产-生产”类型到“生态-生态”类型的趋势,但具体到个别区域,其乡村环境治理仍然存在向下跌落的可能性。基于该解释模型,以东北A市的乡村环境治理为案例分析发现:政策端区域发展战略与环境治理之间的内生困境以及对策端资金资源、建设资源与人事资源的约束促使A市不得不在“生产”与“生态”的双重目标中择一而行,致使其乡村环境治理回落到“生产-生产”类型。这种“生产导向”体现了村民与政府之间“无意识的合意”,成为当前乡村环境治理的主要障碍,而走出困境的着力点就在于如何理性地引导这种偏向生产侧的“无意识的合意”转为偏向生态侧的“有意识的合意”,从而形成“生态利益自觉”,实现乡村环境善治。