Realism and Contingency

This paper constitutes an extended response to Athanasia Chalari's paper The Causal Impact of Resistance, which suggests that one may derive from internal conversations a causal explanation of resistance. In the context of our engagements with critical realism and digital research into social movements, we review Chalari's main argument, before applying it to a concrete case: the student protests in London, 2010. Whilst our account is sympathetic to Chalari's focus on interiority, we critique the individualism that is implicit in her argument, arguing that it emerges because of an underlying neglect of the relational aspects of resistance. Instead, we offer a relational realist analysis that treats resistance as process within an ontologically stratified account of reality that is mindful of the contingency of political acts. Taking this route, we establish resistance as an emergent relation, generative of distinctive “relational goods” in the context of collective action, which we locate at different levels of reality, as we move from an analysis of individual to collective reflexivity. In doing so we offer a sympathetic critique of Chalari, building on the thought provoking arguments contained within it, whilst also making a contribution to the theorisation of social movements and the “relational turn” within realist social theory (Archer, 2010, 2012).     

工人还是农民——消费对于农民工身份认同的影响分析

农民工的身份认同问题一直是学术界关注的焦点,本研究从消费对于农民工身份认同的影响的角度,使用大规模的量化数据,证实了消费对于农民工的身份认同具有显著影响,农民工的集体消费对其工人身份认同成正比,但是私人消费水平却与农民工的工人认同成反比。研究发现：农民工的低工资、低福利是罪魁祸首。在现阶段,提高农民工工资,覆盖农民工的社会福利,是解决农民工问题的关键。     

The Microeconomics of Efficient Group Behavior: Identification1

Consider a group consisting of S members facing a common budget constraint p'ξ=1: any demand vector belonging to the budget set can be (privately or publicly) consumed by the members. Although the intragroup decision process is not known, it is assumed to generate Pareto‐efficient outcomes; neither individual consumptions nor intragroup transfers are observable. The paper analyzes when, to what extent, and under which conditions it is possible to recover the underlying structure—individual preferences and the decision process—from the group's aggregate behavior. We show that the general version of the model is not identified. However, a simple exclusion assumption (whereby each member does not consume at least one good) is sufficient to guarantee generic identifiability of the welfare‐relevant structural concepts.     

榆次区马村新农村建设调研

建设社会主义新农村是中国现代化进程中的重大历史任务。采用了实地调研和询问调查相结合的方法,针对马村新农村建设的现状和存在的问题,提出了诸如继续大力发展生产,加大农业气候保险力度,加强农田水利基础设施建设,培育新型农村带头人等推进马村新农村建设的具体措施。     

一部非同寻常的小说——论丁玲未完成的长篇小说《母亲》

《母亲》写作、出版前后的特殊遭际和所受到的特别关注,使其成为一部具有非同寻常意义的小说。丁玲以自己母亲为原型,精心塑绘了平凡而可敬的母亲形象。小说带有自叙传性质,揭示了生动流走的母亲成长历程,驾驭了灵活多样的刻画人物方法。其中精微的心理分析借鉴了“欧化的形式”,小说的鲜明亮点是湘味浓浓的风景画描写和“大观园”式的风俗画描写,其所以如此着意彰显这些内容源于陪衬人物的需要、作家的乡恋情结以及“个人无意识”。小说语言以生活化、口语化为主要特色,俗中见雅,雅俗兼容。全书风格从容淡定,清丽俊逸。     

文学翻译中文化误读的类型剖析

翻译是不同语言的交流,也是不同文化的交流。在异质文化相互碰撞和融合的文学翻译过程中,往往伴随着文化误读的现象。本文试图将误读和误译作为一个既成的客观文化现象加以客观描述,通过围绕无意识、有意识两种误读,旨在将文学翻译中产生的文化误读进行具体分类。     

土地何以成了农民的权利问题

在我国户均不超过0．667公顷（10亩）的小农经营条件下,农民个体土地权利的扩大,也意味着村社集体土地权利的弱化;而村社集体土地权利的弱化,又可能使得农业基础条件更难改善,农户的农作更加艰难。文章分析了分田到户以来农村土地问题逐步演化为农民权利问题的逻辑和农民土地权利的增加与农民陷入农业生产困境的内在关系,认为,给村社集体一定的调整土地利益分配的权利是～件造福农民的基础工程,也应该是我国未来农地政策的必然选择。     

农民工集体行动因素分析

近20年来,农民工问题一直是学术界讨论的热点问题,吸引了诸多学者的持久关注。文章主要探讨当前影响农民工集体行动的相关因素。在回顾西方有关集体行动理论的研究成果和最新进展的基础上,把从勒庞提出的感染理论一直到当代西方的新社会运动理论整合成四个取向,即：社会心理学的解释、行动的解释、结构的解释和文化的解释。文章主要关注剥夺、资源动员和政治机会这三个机制对农民工集体行动的影响。二元Logistic回归分析结果表明,剥夺和资源动员机制对农民工集体行动有不同程度的影响,其中剥夺感是影响农民工参与集体行动的主要因素,而当前政治机会对农民工参与集体行动无显著影响。     

Leadership efficacy: Review and future directions

The concept of leader efficacy has received relatively little attention in the leadership literature. This is somewhat surprising given that effective leadership requires high levels of agency (i.e., deliberately or intentionally exerting positive influence) and confidence. This review uses existing theory and research on leader efficacy as a point of departure for proposing an expanded and multi-level framework for understanding the domain of leadership efficacy that includes leader, follower, and collective efficacies. The primary goals are to provide a conceptual framework to stimulate future theory and research on building efficacious leadership and to understand how such leadership develops and has implications for effective performance.     

合作学习的集体困境与解决策略——基于情境理论操作化的思考

情境学习理论提出"实践共同体"概念,关注群体学习互动如何置于复合的社会和文化环境当中。但是,当群体互动概念应用于中国本土的团队实践之时,却遭遇集体行动的困境。为此,笔者尝试提出回归教师权威和重建小组认同的两种修正路径,以探讨摆脱困境的操作策略。