榆次区马村新农村建设调研

建设社会主义新农村是中国现代化进程中的重大历史任务。采用了实地调研和询问调查相结合的方法,针对马村新农村建设的现状和存在的问题,提出了诸如继续大力发展生产,加大农业气候保险力度,加强农田水利基础设施建设,培育新型农村带头人等推进马村新农村建设的具体措施。     

法益概念的重新解读——支持“二元论”的一个理由

结果无价值论与行为无价值论（二元论）之间的对立是目前刑法学界最尖锐的学术争论,由此引发的关于违法性的本质究竟是法益侵害还是规范违反的立场之争。＂二元论＂的主张有其合理性,但理由应当是利益与伦理内涵的同质性。这决定了对法益侵害的考察必须放在伦理规范的框架之中才有意义。这就意味着纯粹的结果无价值显然不能合理地揭示违法的实质。只有坚持＂二元论＂的主张才能化解这些矛盾。而且,坚持利益与伦理的同质性,有助于深入对实质违法性的研究。     

土地何以成了农民的权利问题

在我国户均不超过0．667公顷（10亩）的小农经营条件下,农民个体土地权利的扩大,也意味着村社集体土地权利的弱化;而村社集体土地权利的弱化,又可能使得农业基础条件更难改善,农户的农作更加艰难。文章分析了分田到户以来农村土地问题逐步演化为农民权利问题的逻辑和农民土地权利的增加与农民陷入农业生产困境的内在关系,认为,给村社集体一定的调整土地利益分配的权利是～件造福农民的基础工程,也应该是我国未来农地政策的必然选择。     

农民工集体行动因素分析

近20年来,农民工问题一直是学术界讨论的热点问题,吸引了诸多学者的持久关注。文章主要探讨当前影响农民工集体行动的相关因素。在回顾西方有关集体行动理论的研究成果和最新进展的基础上,把从勒庞提出的感染理论一直到当代西方的新社会运动理论整合成四个取向,即：社会心理学的解释、行动的解释、结构的解释和文化的解释。文章主要关注剥夺、资源动员和政治机会这三个机制对农民工集体行动的影响。二元Logistic回归分析结果表明,剥夺和资源动员机制对农民工集体行动有不同程度的影响,其中剥夺感是影响农民工参与集体行动的主要因素,而当前政治机会对农民工参与集体行动无显著影响。     

Not just hot air: normative codes of conduct induce cooperative behavior

The shirking incentives arising within team production are in general counteracted by monitoring and sanctioning. However, these mechanisms are usually associated with high monitoring costs and cannot be applied to all parts of the production process. In a laboratory experiment we analyze the impact of less costly elements of organizational structure, such as normative codes of conduct and screening tests, on team production efficiency. We find that more allusions to a firm context lead to higher contributions. In particular, codes of conduct significantly increase cooperation and at the same time reduce free-riding behavior. Our study provides empirical evidence that normative codes of conduct are an effective means of increasing team production efficiency.

Leadership efficacy: Review and future directions

The concept of leader efficacy has received relatively little attention in the leadership literature. This is somewhat surprising given that effective leadership requires high levels of agency (i.e., deliberately or intentionally exerting positive influence) and confidence. This review uses existing theory and research on leader efficacy as a point of departure for proposing an expanded and multi-level framework for understanding the domain of leadership efficacy that includes leader, follower, and collective efficacies. The primary goals are to provide a conceptual framework to stimulate future theory and research on building efficacious leadership and to understand how such leadership develops and has implications for effective performance.     

合作学习的集体困境与解决策略——基于情境理论操作化的思考

情境学习理论提出"实践共同体"概念,关注群体学习互动如何置于复合的社会和文化环境当中。但是,当群体互动概念应用于中国本土的团队实践之时,却遭遇集体行动的困境。为此,笔者尝试提出回归教师权威和重建小组认同的两种修正路径,以探讨摆脱困境的操作策略。     

Is failure to raise concerns about misconduct a breach of integrity? Researchers’ reflections on reporting misconduct

This article describes and discusses the views of researchers on the significance of raising concerns about scientific misconduct in their work environment and the reasons or circumstances that might deter them from doing so. In this exploratory qualitative research study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 33 researchers working in life sciences and medicine. They represent three seniority levels and five universities across Switzerland. A large majority of respondents in this research study argued that failure to raise concerns about scientific misconduct compromises research integrity. This is an encouraging result demonstrating that researchers try to adhere to high ethical standards. However, further interaction with respondents highlighted that this correct ethical assessment does not lead researchers to take the consequent action of raising concerns. The factors that discourage researchers from raising concerns need to be addressed at the level of research groups, institutions, and by setting a positive precedent which helps them to believe in the system’s ability to investigate concerns raised in a timely and professional manner. Training of researchers in research integrity related issues will have limited utility unless it is coupled with the creation of research culture where raising concerns is a standard practice of scientific and research activities.     

专业主义视域下的关联专业群体间互动行为及其规范探索——以民航飞行具与空中交通管制具为例

关联专业群体问的互动行为通过相互关联的专业群体成员问的“参与协商”互动迭成均衡。由于互动双方拥有对等的不对称专业知识和信息,因而在互动过程中产生对等的机会主义倾向和行为的可能性大大增加,从而对客户或公众的感知和评价产生负面效应。有必要在互动中遵循专业主义意识形态下的互动伦理议题,规范互动双方的行为,消除理性行为选择的负面效用。     

Mental Health and HIV Risk Among African American Adolescents

Summary

The family system is integral to adolescent mental health and HIV risk. However, few studies have addressed family variables and adolescent outcomes among African American families. This study tested a longitudinal model of parenting, adolescent mental health, and adolescent HIV risk, among a community sample of low-income, urban African American families from the Collaborative HIV prevention and AdolescentMental Health Project (CHAMP). Consistent with general adolescent population data, we expected less parental monitoring, greater psychological control and less positive parenting to increase risk for adolescent depression and conduct problems. We hypothesized that these variables would in turn increase rates of HIV risk. We followed one hundred and thirty-four African American youth and theirmaternal caregivers as part of the CHAMP project. Study variables included: positive parenting, parental monitoring, psychological control, adolescent distress, conduct problems, and recent HIV risk. We examined the relationship among these variables via longitudinal path analysis. Age was strongly associated with increased adolescent HIV risk. Contrary to hypotheses, more parental psychological control was marginally associated with less HIV risk, while positive parenting was marginally associated with greater HIV risk. Adolescent depression was associated with more conduct problems, but unrelated to HIV risk. Thus, parenting practices generally considered negative might actually be protective among some lower SES African American families. This underscores the importance of extending studies of family context and adolescent risk behaviors to diverse social and ethnic groups. Designing prevention programs for diverse groups will require articulating culturally specific effects for different parenting practice.