新中国中东史研究五十年

中东史在我国年轻的世界史学科中是更为年轻的学科,我国学者对中东史的真正研究开始于新中国成立后的50年代,至今已走过五十余年的历程。期间既有势头良好的开局起步阶段,也有“文革”十年浩劫的严重摧残时期,更有改革开放后阔步前进的喜人发展局面。从学术史的视角对五十年来中东史的研究历程进行一番梳理,肯定已经取得的巨大成就,找出尚存在的不足之处,提出今后的重点研究方向,对于推动中东史乃至中东学学科建设与发展具有重要意义。     

"浙学"与"阳明学"论纲

浙学的源头可追溯到古越文化甚至是浙江地域的史前文化。但作为一种有特色的学术形态,浙学应以王充为源,而成型于北宋,兴盛于南宋,发展于明清,转型于近现代。浙学的内涵,有狭义、中义、广义之别。浙学的基本精神可以概括为“民本、求实、批判、兼容、创新”十个字,典型地体现在王充的“实事疾妄”、叶适的“崇义养利”、王阳明的“知行合一”、黄宗羲的“经世应务”、蔡元培的“兼容并包”五个命题中,浙学精神对当代浙江经济、社会、文化发展仍具指导意义。阳明学是明清浙学的主体。阳明心学是以“良知”为本体、“致良知”为根本方法、“知行合一”为实践工夫、明德亲民为政治应用的良知心学,其道德理性、人文关怀、力行实践、多元包容的精神对当代修身立德、齐家立业、治国理政仍有重要启示意义。     

试论宽带对传播的影响——宽带:人类更宽广、更自由的延伸

21世纪是宽带的世纪。宽带为传播发展提供了更自由、更宽广的舞台。本文就宽带对于人际传播、组织传播和大众传播将产生深刻的影响做了初步论述。     

钱伟长教授与江南大学

倡导培养德智体全面发展的具有创新精神和创造能力的人才,倡导终身学习,是钱伟长教育思想的重要内容;钱伟长教育思想是我国高教领域宝贵的思想资源,目前,国内许多高校开展了钱伟长教育思想的学习和研究;座落在钱伟长教授家乡的江南大学,二十多年来得到了钱伟长教授的关心、指导和帮助,江南大学在学习、研究和实践钱伟长教育思想方面也取得了较好成效。     

The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations

Successful managers and leaders need to effectively navigate their organizational worlds, from motivating customers and employees to managing diversity to preventing and resolving conflicts. Perspective-taking is a psychological process that is particularly relevant to each of these activities. The current review critically examines perspective-taking research conducted by both management scholars and social psychologists and specifies perspective-taking's antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, and moderators, as well as identifies theoretical and/or empirical shortfalls. Our summary of the current state of perspective-taking research offers three important contributions. First, we offer a new definition of perspective-taking: the active cognitive process of imagining the world from another's vantage point or imagining oneself in another's shoes to understand their visual viewpoint, thoughts, motivations, intentions, and/or emotions. Second, we highlight that although perspective-taking has many positive benefits for managers and leaders, it also carries with it the potential for perverse effects. Third, we argue that previous theoretical lenses to understand perspective-taking's goal are insufficient in light of all the available evidence. Instead, we offer a new theoretical proposition to capture the full range of perspective-taking's positive and negative effects: perspective-taking helps individuals effectively navigate a world filled with mixed-motive social interactions. Our mixed-motive model of perspective-taking not only captures the current findings but also offers new directions for future research.     

EU Enlargement: Economic-Cultural Perspective and Cross-Country Comparison

Globalization is constantly changing the appearance of the modern world. The most intense processes of integration are taking place in Europe in the framework of the European Union (EU) enlargement. Though the formal process is more or less concluded, the subtle and informal ones still have a long way to go. Social structures (institutions, organizations, norms, etc.) and actions depend on the cultural environment in the narrowest sense of the word: human perceptions and values. This poses the basic question whether the economic-cultural orientations of the new EU member states are compatible with imported social structures. We have done an empirical research using Hofstede's cultural dimensions and European Values Study database for 26 European countries (23 EU member states, 2 candidate countries, and Northern Ireland as a separate entity). We have also compared the differences and similarities by applying the Ward method (cluster analysis) on our 10 constructed variables.     

Public relations in the United Arab Emirates: The emergence of a profession

This paper discusses the development of public relations in a fast growing emerging country, United Arab Emirates. The making of the public relations profession in UAE has been affected tremendously by the socio-economic, educational and cultural development of the country. Ministries and government administrations established their in-house public relations departments and sections to respond to the growing demands of their various publics. Journalism and Mass Communication departments launched PR programs to meet the growing needs of the job market with qualified practitioners. International public relations agencies chose Dubai as a base for their activities in the UAE and the region. The future of public relations in the UAE is very promising. Although it is facing some problems, public relations is the job of the future.     

Early Marriage in the United States

Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high‐school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals’ marriages.     

The Semantically Reciprocating Robot: Adult Influences on Children's Early Conversational Skills

Two-year-old children's conversational replies were observed in two social contexts: (a) with a partner who consistently responded to each of their utterances by semantically reciprocating and commenting briefly on their topic; or (b) with a partner who also consistently replied to each of their utterances but did not semantically reciprocate their topic. Children were significantly more likely to reply to a partner who maintained their topic. Given that a child replied, the verbal responses in the semantic reciprocation group were also more likely to have a topic-comment structure characteristic of more advanced conversational skills. These experimental data confirm previous correlational evidence suggesting that children are sensitive to semantic reciprocation during the early stages of verbal communicative development, and they support recent arguments suggesting that the adult's use of expansions scaffolds the child's tendency to use predicative, topic-comment replies…and perhaps advances the child's understanding of the adult partner as an attentional/intentional mental agent.