比较教育研究方法与方法论之初探

方法与方法论是两个不同的基本范畴,研究方法关注数据的收集和数据的分析,而方法论则是注重研究的构思或理论框架,以及对研究结果的推广与交流。在比较教育领域,研究方法是进行比较教育研究的途径、手段及方式。方法论则是关于比较教育研究方法的理论,相当于对比较教育研究方式的探讨,即比较教育研究的基本原则或态度。比较教育方法论关系着研究方法的选择。科学方法体现了两者的统一。     

“以道驭术”的道家技术伦理思想述论

在传统技术伦理思想中，道家独具一格，以老、庄为代表的道家技术伦理思想在理论上具有自然主义和技术批判主义的特点：由“道法自然”立论，其技术价值观以否定为基本特征，道家因此成为中国历史上反对技术异化的“先觉者”。同时，道家主张“道进乎枝”，提倡“以道驭枝”，这对于我们今天处理好技术与道德的关系具有重要意义。     

Putting the First Audience First: Conducting Useful Evaluation for a Risk-Related Government Agency

The risk communication practitioner in a government agency has two essential, interdependent tasks. One is to help develop and monitor effective communication programs with various external public audiences. The other task is to do the same thing for the senior government managers whose support is a prerequisite to addressing the first audience. Hence, the second audience–the manager–is really the first. This paper addresses ways in which communication practitioners can satisfy this crucial audience. A profile of these managers suggests that they would find it highly beneficial to have more control over the public problems they encounter, especially in view of the growing pressures to do more with less and demonstrate "customer satisfaction." They would rather avoid crises than manage them. And they would rather have their bosses praise their successes than challenge their budgets or punish their perceived difficulties or failures. Communication practitioners who can help them attain such benefits will find their efforts in great demand. They would be helpful team members who provide timely insights that can make and show agency success. We offer ten ways for communication practitioners to be more useful which focus their current strengths on satisfying senior managers'needs by becoming more valuable members of the program team. By becoming more useful to the senior manager they serve both the agency and its publics.     

社会主义荣辱观与“好学近知,力行近仁”

树立社会主义荣辱观是社会治理的经济目标与道德伦理目标、文明社会目标和谐互动的根本要求和重要体现。在高校大力开展社会主义荣辱观教育,对于培养社会主义建设者和接班人具有重大现实意义。吉林师范大学的校训“好学近知,力行近仁”,正体现了一种求真创新、为人师表、追求卓越人生的精神。把社会主义荣辱观教育与弘扬校训精神有机结合,切实推进和加强思想道德建设,把社会主义荣辱观内化为师生员工的自觉行为和基本道德感情,让社会主义荣辱观在师生心中扎根,从而为中华民族的伟大复兴做出应有的贡献。     

Design priorities and disciplinary perspectives: the case of the US National Children's Study

Summary.  The National Children's Study (NCS), which was undertaken in 2000 by collaboration between several US federal government agencies, is one of the largest and boldest longitudinal studies of children's health ever undertaken. One of the key design issues has been the nature of the NCS sample. The paper describes the nature of the choices and the reasons for the decision that the NCS be based on a national probability sample. Designed as a study of the environmental influences on children's health and development, the NCS is expected to identify, enrol and follow about 100000 children from their birth to the age of 21 years. A broad definition of relevant environments of interest, and a full partnership between government, university and medical scientists, introduces considerable challenges in the design of the study.     

学界京剧界对尖团音认识的区别和辨正

从尖团音形成的角度，探讨了语音学界和京剧界对此的不同看法，着重例举了京剧界常用的重团音，轻团音和尖音等例字，对有关各方研究尖团音提供了一定的借鉴。     

稀见清代福建宁化伊氏《耕道堂诗钞》及其作者群考

清代福建宁化伊氏人才辈出,以伊恒聪为首的八位诗人创作有《耕道堂诗钞》。但该集流传稀少,作者生平情况都不大清楚。对该集以及有关作者群体进行考证介绍,有助于增进人们对该集及其作者乃至清代家族文化的了解,具有多方面的意义。     

中古西欧基督教“经学传统”的积淀与更新

中古西欧基督教的“经学传统”，发端于罗马帝国后期“拉丁教父”对《圣经》的翻译与阐发。中世纪经院哲学家的“惟经是从”的学术活动与罗马教廷的文化专制政策，使这一传统日益封闭与僵化，并步入学阀化与官方化的学术轨道。到了中世纪后期，随着西欧社会的新变动与人文主义启蒙思潮的冲击，这一传统逐渐丧失了对学术文化的神圣支配地位，代之而起的则是人文主义“圣经学”的勃兴。人文主义者否定教廷钦定的《圣经》拉丁文本的权威性与经院哲学家主观臆断的学风，不仅力图使《圣经》版本的民族语言化与《圣经》传播的平民化，而且致力于发掘《圣经》的历史内涵与伦理精神，并以《圣经》为最高的信仰权威，这样就从根本上推翻了罗马教会正统神学的理论基石，否定了教廷权威及其礼仪制度存在的合理性。这一变革，最终从根本上推动了宗教改革思潮的萌发，促进了西欧的思想文化与社会政治的历史转型。     

清代《选》学与20世纪现代《选》学

清代传统《选》学不仅在《选》学文献整理与研究中取得了重大成就 ,而且传统《选》学中已蕴涵着现代《选》学的萌芽———整体观与现代《选》学的某些专题的出现。如汪师韩的《选》学整体研究 ,阮元的《文选序》研究 ,朱彝尊的《文选》成书过程研究 ,清代孙梅的《文选》、《文心雕龙》相互关系研究 ,张云王敖《选学胶言》、钱泰吉《曝书杂记》李善注“注例”研究等 ,现代《选》学的诞生实为“旧学新知”与“西学东渐”互相影响的逻辑归宿     

西方伦理的科学化倾向述评

西方伦理学在古代就具有知识论倾向,在近代具有认识论倾向,而在现代则具有科学化倾向。如此看来,受科学精神纠缠的西方伦理学若要担当起对科学的范导,首先必须更新传统西方伦理学科学化倾向的意念,归正道德的前科学性地位,还伦理学以情感、心灵、意志之人学的本来面目。