苏霍姆林斯基论研究性学习法

在原苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯基看来,学生是学习的主体,学生在教学过程中不是消极被动地接受教师传授的知识,而是利用原有的知识经验主动地获取知识的。因此,他强调教师在教学中要为学生创设良好的教育环境,引导学生运用研究性学习法积极主动地进行探究学习。苏氏关于研究性学习法的论述丰富和发展了当代教学方法理论,对我国正在进行的教学方法改革具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Public relations in the United Arab Emirates: The emergence of a profession

This paper discusses the development of public relations in a fast growing emerging country, United Arab Emirates. The making of the public relations profession in UAE has been affected tremendously by the socio-economic, educational and cultural development of the country. Ministries and government administrations established their in-house public relations departments and sections to respond to the growing demands of their various publics. Journalism and Mass Communication departments launched PR programs to meet the growing needs of the job market with qualified practitioners. International public relations agencies chose Dubai as a base for their activities in the UAE and the region. The future of public relations in the UAE is very promising. Although it is facing some problems, public relations is the job of the future.     

美国进步主义教育之"八年研究"述评

"八年研究"是20世纪前半期美国中等教育目标嬗变和社会大转折的产物.这项著名的教育实验,旨在探索中等教育新的培养目标,改善中学和大学的关系,兼顾升学与就业的双重目标.实验过程涉及到教育实验理论、教育原理、课程理论和教育评估理论的构建与运用,具有重要的理论与实践价值和影响,是美国进步主义教育的一项"杰作".     

Early Marriage in the United States

Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high‐school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals’ marriages.     

The Semantically Reciprocating Robot: Adult Influences on Children's Early Conversational Skills

Two-year-old children's conversational replies were observed in two social contexts: (a) with a partner who consistently responded to each of their utterances by semantically reciprocating and commenting briefly on their topic; or (b) with a partner who also consistently replied to each of their utterances but did not semantically reciprocate their topic. Children were significantly more likely to reply to a partner who maintained their topic. Given that a child replied, the verbal responses in the semantic reciprocation group were also more likely to have a topic-comment structure characteristic of more advanced conversational skills. These experimental data confirm previous correlational evidence suggesting that children are sensitive to semantic reciprocation during the early stages of verbal communicative development, and they support recent arguments suggesting that the adult's use of expansions scaffolds the child's tendency to use predicative, topic-comment replies…and perhaps advances the child's understanding of the adult partner as an attentional/intentional mental agent.     

Abuse and deaf children: Some factors to consider

Deaf children are uniquely disadvantaged in terms of access to information on safety and abuse. This is often due to misunderstood linguistic and cultural needs which relate to the deaf community. Consequently, a greater number of children who are deaf are placed in potentially abusive situations when compared to their non-deaf peer group. A high percentage of deaf children have also acquired negative self-concepts. This is often due to external influences such as educational experiences and family communication. Many deaf children believe that abuse is part of their being deaf. The implications of this are that deaf children are at risk of neglect and abuse as well as long-term damage to their emotional development and self-esteem. A number of survivors of physical and sexual abuse have been referred to the National Centre for Mental Health and Deafness, Preston. Some of these referrals have been inappropriate and due to a dearth of local resources. Extremely little support is available for deaf people who have been or are being abused. There are few appropriately trained counsellors equipped with the necessary skills in communicating with deaf people and even fewer trained in deaf awareness. A number of risk factors have been identified and are illustrated in this article. Three case studies are described to highlight the issues involved.     

满族家庭伦理道德教育

满族家庭伦理道德教育包括伦理道德与修身齐家两部分。伦理道德包括孝友、廉洁、仁义;修身齐家包括去恶行善、节俭、文明、谦恭、正直、坦诚。其结果是满族整体道德素质的提高。     

女神与女从——中国文学中女性伦理表现的两极性

在女性主义视阈下研究中国文学应注重其民族特色。儒家文化精神为主导的女性伦理,是中国女性历史上主体位置缺席的“元凶”。然而,儒家伦理之于女性又呈现二律背反现象。儒家伦理的妇德将女性置于“从属”地位,儒家伦理中的孝道在中国“母性崇拜”的历史文化背景中又将作为母亲的女性推到社会主体文化表述者位置。这形成中国女性处境不同于西方女子的特殊性与复杂性,也是中国古代文学“女神”般的母亲形象与处于男性附属地位的“女从”形象两极化表现的缘由。它导致中国女性在自我意识的觉醒、自我解放的自觉性方面整体地迟钝于西方女性。     

国家--社会视域中的传统民间伦理

在中国传统伦理文化中,不仅存在以正统教化伦理为代表的"大传统",而且还存在以民间伦理为代表的"小传统".后者作为植根于民间生活土壤中的民众不加矫饰的价值观念,更为真实地展示了民族伦理生活的生命律动.在国家与社会互动的格局中,民间伦理与正统教化伦理之间既矛盾对立又相生相长,构成了传统社会伦理生活的真实景观.