我国艾滋孤儿研究:回顾与前瞻

作为伴随我国艾滋病大规模扩散而产生的一个双重社会弱势群体,艾滋孤儿引起了党和国家的高度关注,相关的研究也日渐丰富起来,并集中于艾滋孤儿的基本特征、生存状况、社会支持、具体需求、现有服务体系以及未来救助对策等六个主要的研究领域。文章在对现有艾滋孤儿研究所存在问题进行评论的基础上,文章提出未来的艾滋孤儿研究应该转变研究理念,拓展研究领域,丰富研究方法,并注重比较性研究。     

"Couples as Partners and Parents over Children's Early Years"

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how couple relationship quality and parental engagement are linked over children's early years-when they are infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Our sample included 1,630 couples that were coresident over years 1 to 3 and 1,376 couples that were coresident over years 3 to 5 (1,196 over both periods). Overall, we found that better relationship quality predicted greater parental engagement for both mothers and fathers-especially in the infant to toddler years; in contrast, we found little evidence that parental engagement predicted future relationship quality. Married and cohabiting couples were generally similar in how relationship quality and parenting were linked.     

Practitioners’ perceptions of their ethics in Korean global firms

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to review the perceptions held by public relations practitioners who work in global public relations firms, regarding their ethics, and to identify elements that support their ethics. Results indicate that those practitioners are adamantly ethics-oriented but they have a limited understanding of ethics specific to public relations. No absolute universal ethical standards were found. This study identified nine elements affecting public relations practitioners’ ethics. The important and powerful elements were chiefly attributed to cultural influences. It finally provides critical clues to the process of enhancing public relations professionalism.     

Ethical implications of the promotion of elder volunteerism: A critical perspective

This critical inquiry explores the question: What are the ethical implications of promoting normative ideals for healthy aging, such as volunteerism and civic engagement, that specifically emphasize productivity and contribution? In this paper, we identify the values and ethical standpoints embedded in the discourse promoting volunteerism and productive aging and then describe what this suggests about how older adults are viewed, valued and judged. More specifically, we argue that older adult volunteering has at times been framed in a manner that dually suggests: a) lifelong productivity is a necessary condition to be a good old person; and b) lifelong productivity is a necessary condition to be a good old citizen. We then demonstrate that the current promotion of older adult volunteerism and productive aging is ethically troubling because: 1) it fails to capture the full potential of the self — and in particular, the aging self; and 2) it grounds justice in a narrowly defined and unfair distributive scheme. An alternative model of aging is then presented based on equal regard for all persons insofar as this approach is inclusive of the diversity of older adults and aging processes, and policy implications are discussed.     

论中国伦理学的发展趋向

世界性的经济和文化态势,必将同中国自身的现代化进程一起,直接制约和影响21世纪的中国伦理学的发展。21世纪的中国伦理学将以经济全球化和世界性的文化冲突为宏观背景,以中国特色的社会现代化转型进程为直接依据,始终坚持"面向世界、面向未来、面向现代化"的原则;将以唯物史观为基本方法,在理论框架和学术内容上努力体现文化综合时代的必然趋势和客观要求,充分表达中华民族的价值理念和精神追求;将在全面汲取人类文化精华的基础上,在认真为中国特色社会主义的构建和完善提供伦理道德论证的同时,努力为人类追求自由、幸福的理想生活提供一种伦理范式和道德建议。     

赵次公的杜甫研究

赵次公是宋代杜甫研究用功极深的学者。他研究的项目非常广,而注和解品位最高。其注解建立在对杜诗烂熟于心、融汇贯通之上,广泛搜集典籍和口语资料,透辟分析,有时还融入考证,故其注解总是妥贴、精细、笃实。其注解发明尤多,匡正前人研究的错误也非常多。综合品评,赵次公的《新定杜工部古诗近体诗先后并解》是杜甫学史上早期的百万字的伟大研究著作,赵次公是杜甫学史上注和解成就最大的学者。     

汉语经济报道标题中“经济是交通”隐喻的认知研究

随着中国经济迅速发展以及金融危机的影响,经济语料中隐喻词条的数量及其频率也会不同程度地变化。本文是基于语料库对汉语经济报道标题中的交通隐喻词条进行跨时段对比的研究。本研究以Lakoff和Johnson的现代隐喻理论为基础,对语料库中的交通隐喻词条进行分类统计,从类型、数量、频率等方面描述经济活动领域中交通隐喻使用的发展和变化,并揭示本研究与前人研究的共性和差异。     

如何应对“哑巴英语”

随着改革开放的不断推进,国际间的交流越来越频繁,我国对具有较强英语交际能力的人才需求也日益增加。但目前,我国有的英语学习者学了很多年乃至十几年,还是无法用英语进行交际,因为他们学的是＂哑巴英语＂。本文就如何解决＂哑巴英语＂,怎样讲一口流利英语的问题提出了几点建议。     

Staying connected under fire: Effects of individual roles and organizational specialization on the robustness of emergency-phase communication networks

Communication network connectivity is central to organizational performance, but maintaining connectivity can be difficult during periods of disruption. During the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster of September 11th, 2001, both emergency response-specialized organizations and organizations without such specialization forcibly adapted to a radically altered environment. Their dynamic communication networks necessarily entailed trade-offs between competing demands for efficiency and robustness to disruption. Of particular importance is whether organizations concentrated activity within a small number of “hub” nodes, and whether those with existing coordinative roles were critical to maintaining connectivity. We examine these questions by analyzing seventeen organizational communication networks in the WTC disaster. We find that organizations maintain connectivity through relatively small numbers of coordinators, but the realization of institutionalized coordinative roles depends upon organizational context. Further, we find distinct patterns of robustness, with the removal of key players leading to mass isolation in specialist networks versus a gradual pattern of failure in non-specialist networks. These results suggest that organizations responding to disruptions within their usual domain of operations will be more likely to retain institutionalized roles when building emergent networks, although this increases the network's fragility in the event of the loss of one of those coordinators. Organizations responding to novel threats may reconfigure more radically, limiting vulnerability to the loss of institutionalized—but not emergent—coordinators.     

A concluding comment: Toward a critical social network analysis

The authors of articles in this special issue on “Ethics in SNA” contribute to enriching the continuing discussion of major ethical dilemmas that social network analysts need to confront. These articles encourage us to replace silence with thoughtful consideration and innovative paths forward. I highlight three themes that emerged in my own reading of these contributions: moving beyond “ethics versus science,” deepening reflexivity, and possible approaches toward a critical SNA.