‘One MBA?’ How context impacts the development of post-MBA career outcomes

Using survey data from alumni of one of the UK's earliest and largest MBA programmes we explore how career capital, career outcomes and career satisfaction are impacted by learner context. We adopt comparative capitalisms theory to investigate whether graduates from a standardised programme marketed as ‘One MBA’ report broadly similar career outcomes irrespective of their work and study location. We find that despite the rhetoric around globalisation in management education there are differences that fit the theories of comparative capitalisms literature; thus supporting the view that, despite the global nature of MBA branding, context still plays a role in shaping learning and career outcomes as evidenced by differences reported here. Significant findings are reported in terms of the reported development of career capital ‘knowing how’; career satisfaction and perceived organisational support, however differences in terms of the achievement of objective career success (promotion and career mobility) were less pronounced.     

Encounter Satisfaction in E‐tailing: Are the Relationships of Order Fulfillment Service Quality with its Antecedents and Consequences Moderated by Historical Satisfaction?

This study focuses on whether historical satisfaction with an e‐tailer (HSat) moderates baseline relationships in order fulfillment service quality models. HSat is defined as satisfaction with the e‐tailer spanning all transactions except the current encounter. Encounter satisfaction (ESat) is defined as the consumer's satisfaction with the current transaction. In the baseline model, four order fulfillment service quality (OFSQ) dimensions managerially relevant to consumer e‐tailing are examined: timeliness, availability, condition, and billing accuracy. The baseline structural model results support that OFSQ dimensions impact ESat, which in turn predicts two key consequences—repurchase intention and word‐of‐mouth. Adaptation theory is used to model the role of HSat, while controlling for transaction recency, vendor familiarity, and competitive pricing. HSat is shown to have pervasive main and interaction effects upon all baseline model relationships. These moderation effects have great managerial relevance. For example, the results illustrate a phenomenon similar to the service recovery paradox, wherein when a negative service encounter is followed by a highly positive service recovery event, previously dissatisfied consumers, as compared to previously satisfied consumers, respond with higher levels of current satisfaction. For managers, this finding is encouraging because policies that create highly positive events for consumers can thus supersede past negative experiences. Our results show however that HSat cannot be completely superseded by current OFSQ or current ESat.     

品牌个性维度的本土化研究

品牌个性维度一直是营销理论研究和营销实践领域中的一个热点课题。Jenniffer Aaker于1997年首次系统地发展了基于美国的品牌个性维度及量表,日本和西班牙的品牌个性维度及量表也相继诞生。然而,中国的本土化品牌个性维度及量表却仍然是一个空白。本文首先采用了西方的词汇法、因子分析和特质论作为方法论基础,以来自中文语言、中国的品牌为内容,经中国消费者的实证研究发展出中国的品牌个性维度及量表,并从中国传统文化角度阐释了中国的品牌个性维度——“仁、智、勇、乐、雅”。然后本文对中国的品牌个性维度与美国、日本的品牌个性维度进行了跨文化比较研究。     

Distribution of Exposure Concentrations and Doses for Constituents of Environmental Tobacco Smoke

The ultimate goal of the research reported in this series of three articles is to derive distributions of doses of selected environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related chemicals for nonsmoking workers. This analysis uses data from the 16-City Study collected with personal monitors over the course of one workday in workplaces where smoking occurred. In this article, we describe distributions of ETS chemical concentrations and the characteristics of those distributions (e.g., whether the distribution was log normal for a given constituent) for the workplace exposure. Next, we present population parameters relevant for estimating dose distributions and the methods used for estimating those dose distributions. Finally, we derive distributions of doses of selected ETS-related constituents obtained in the workplace for people in smoking work environments. Estimating dose distributions provided information beyond the usual point estimate of dose and showed that the preponderance of individuals exposed to ETS in the workplace were exposed at the low end of the dose distribution curve. The results of this analysis include estimations of hourly maxima and time-weighted average (TWA) doses of nicotine from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 week) and doses derived from modeled lung burdens of ultraviolet-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM) and solanesol resulting from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 year).     

The Job Demands-Job Control Model and absence behaviour: results of a 3-year longitudinal study

Empirical results of earlier studies only marginally supported the relevance of Karasek's Job Demands-Job Control Model for absence behaviour. Since longitudinal studies with respect to these relations were largely lacking, a four-wave panel study was carried out using data from 1755 male employees of a technical maintenance firm in the public sector. Job demands, job control, physical working conditions, and the employee's age, education, and health were measured in one year and absenteeism in the same year and in the next 3 years. Data were analysed with linear regression and Poisson regression techniques. The Poisson regression technique was superior to the linear regression technique in explaining absence. Age, health and prior absence were the best predictors of later absence behaviour. With respect to the Job Demands-Job Control Model, the main findings of the study were (1) that job control was significantly associated with a low number of simultaneous and later absence days, and (2) that, contrary to expectations, job demands were also related to a low number of simultaneous and later absence days. These results hold when age, health, education, prior absence, and working conditions are controlled for. Job control and job demands did not predict later absence frequency. In the discussion it is suggested that a high level of job demands may not only be harmful for the well-being of employees but also work as 'a pressure to attend'.     

Finite Sample Performance of tests for Symmetry of the Errors in a Linear Model

The finite sample performance of a number of tests for symmetry of the distribution of the errors of a linear model is considered. The first family of tests is based on the discrepancy between two regression fits. The first fit is appropriate under symmetric errors while the second is appropriate for skewed as well as symmetric error distributions. The second family of procedures consists of tests for the univariate symmetry problem. Thus, in the linear model setting these tests are based on residuals. An extensive empirical study of the finite sample, null behavior of the tests is presented. The results of a power comparison among the tests is also discussed.     

Comparison of permutation methods for the partial correlation and partial mantel tests

This study compares empirical type I error and power of different permutation techniques that can be used for partial correlation analysis involving three data vectors and for partial Mantel tests. The partial Mantel test is a form of first-order partial correlation analysis involving three distance matrices which is widely used in such fields as population genetics, ecology, anthropology, psychometry and sociology. The methods compared are the following: (1) permute the objects in one of the vectors (or matrices); (2) permute the residuals of a null model; (3) correlate residualized vector 1 (or matrix A) to residualized vector 2 (or matrix B); permute one of the residualized vectors (or matrices); (4) permute the residuals of a full model. In the partial correlation study, the results were compared to those of the parametric t-test which provides a reference under normality. Simulations were carried out to measure the type I error and power of these permutatio methods, using normal and non-normal data, without and with an outlier. There were 10 000 simulations for each situation (100 000 when n = 5); 999 permutations were produced per test where permutations were used. The recommended testing procedures are the following:(a) In partial correlation analysis, most methods can be used most of the time. The parametric t-test should not be used with highly skewed data. Permutation of the raw data should be avoided only when highly skewed data are combined with outliers in the covariable. Methods implying permutation of residuals, which are known to only have asymptotically exact significance levels, should not be used when highly skewed data are combined with small sample size. (b) In partial Mantel tests, method 2 can always be used, except when highly skewed data are combined with small sample size. (c) With small sample sizes, one should carefully examine the data before partial correlation or partial Mantel analysis. For highly skewed data, permutation of the raw data has correct type I error in the absence of outliers. When highly skewed data are combined with outliers in the covariable vector or matrix, it is still recommended to use the permutation of raw data. (d) Method 3 should never be used.     

我国经常性抽样调查体系改革研究

为了提高我国政府统计数据质量,本文从产生统计数据的最大源头,即现行的经常性抽样调查体系进行改革研究,引入国际上前沿的连续性抽样调查理论,在调查制度与方法等方面提出一系列改革措施,并给出具体的实施步骤,最终构建一套新型的经常性抽样调查体系。通过这套体系能够在节省调查费用的情况下,及时、准确地产生连续的时间序列统计数据,从而更好地发挥经常性抽样调查的主体作用。在未来实际应用与改革过程中出现的新情况、新问题,均可在该体系的整体框架下予以解决。     

产业转移:承接地之间竞争的博弈研究——以皖江城市带为例

由于具有相似的区位条件和产业结构,并处在大体相同的发展阶段,皖江城市带各市在承接产业转移上势必会产生激烈的竞争。鉴于此,文章通过构建比较优势和政府政策的两城市承接产业转移博弈模型,得出具有比较优势的城市将获得更高的收益、城市之间的合作比不合作将带来更高的收益等结论,在此基础上,提出应发挥自身优势承接产业转移,建立合理的分工协作机制,避免恶性竞争,引导产业向皖江城市带聚集等措施。     

中学思想政治课渗透研究性学习的探讨

研究性学习是近年国际教育界倡导的新型学习理念和学习模式。中学思想政治课渗透研究性学习是为了弥补过去封闭性教学模式的缺陷,给学生提供一个已有知识和经验加工及综合运用知识的机会,以便培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。教师必须把研究性学习渗透到整个教学过程中,充分发挥学生的主体作用,注重学习过程中学生的感受和体验,充分运用教材、多媒体网络技术等手段,引导学生在研究性学习过程中提出问题、解决问题、验证问题,从而最大限度地发挥思想政治课的实效性。