评杨东莼的《本国文化史大纲》

杨东莼的《本国文化史大纲》是我国一部较早的唯物的文化史著作。本文着重分析了杨著唯物的文化及文化史观 ,并对其运用马克思主义“五社会形态论”进行文化史分期加以探讨 ,同时指出杨著在文化史研究上的意义及其理论构架上的缺陷     

Intergenerational Life Courses of Teenage Pregnancy in Ogbomosho South‐Western Nigeria

Concern that the teenage pregnancy rate in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria has doubled within the last decade prompted an intergenerational survey of a sample of 277 respondents (163 pregnant teenagers, 91 teen parents and 23 adult parents who were once teen parents) selected through snowballing and then interviewed in four group discussions in Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Findings revealed that 43.5 per cent of the female and 48.5 per cent of the male teenagers informed their parents first when they became pregnant or made someone pregnant respectively. They also showed that lack of knowledge about puberty (21.3%) was a major factor that influenced teenage pregnancy. The majority (53.4%) of the respondents believed that their parents perceived teenage pregnancy as God's blessing, while it was perceived as sign of poverty by their school teachers (36.5%). Blame for unwanted pregnancy was put on the girls by 49.5 per cent of the respondents. Focused educational enlightenment for teenagers on sexual reproductive health is needed for reshaping teenagers' risky behaviours. This is in line with 25.6 per cent of the respondents who felt that community youth forum on sex education could reduce teenage pregnancy.     

多重视野中的西部历史书写——九十年代西部历史小说史论

20世纪90年代,西部新起的具有"良克之忧"的小说作家,因历史真实观的不同,对西部历史讲述是不一样的.既有对历史战争景观和江山改朝换代的"宏叙事",对历史本质、历史规律的探寻,对爱国主义英雄主义和人性的张扬;也有对家族、和个人日常性存在"微型叙事",对历史偶然性和神秘宿使的皈依,对现实历史走向的焦虑的叩问.这些叙事努力,使这一时期西部的历史小说创作呈现出多元并存的历史潮流文学景观.     

从《左传》看春秋时人的生死观

死亡是生命的终结,对于死亡的态度实则展现着人们生存的精神风貌。春秋时代的人们把死亡看作是一种必然,从而无所畏惧。他们勇敢地选择死亡,平静地面对死亡,直至把死亡演绎成一种生命的美丽。(他们的死亡是勇武的,美的,善的,一如他们鲜活的生命。因此他们是真正的死而不朽。     

Beyond Continuity? Understanding Change in the UK Welfare State since 2010

One approach to identifying policy change stresses policy instruments, settings and policy paradigms, while another also considers the process and culmination of various shifts and consequent outcomes. This article illustrates the debate through an examination of how far developments in social security policy between the 1997–2010 New Labour and 2010–15 Coalition Governments in the UK constituted real policy shifts. It shows that, despite continuities in instruments and approach, there have been substantial changes in the impact of welfare state policies related to short‐term benefits, employment and housing. The article identifies new policy directions leading to a different kind of welfare state, concerned less with living standards and equality and more with individual responsibility and paid work. It suggests that this has been achieved without the need for radical changes in instruments and their settings.     

Midwives’ views of caseload midwifery – comparing the caseload and non-caseload midwives’ opinions. A cross-sectional survey of Australian midwives.

BackgroundMidwife-led continuity of care has substantial benefits for women and infants and positive outcomes for midwives, yet access to these models remains limited. Caseload midwifery is associated with professional satisfaction and lower burnout, but also impacts on work-life boundaries. Few studies have explored caseload midwifery from the perspective of midwives working in caseload models compared to those in standard care models, understanding this is critical to sustainability and upscaling.AimTo compare views of caseload midwifery – those working in caseload models and those in standard care models in hospitals with and without caseload.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey of midwives working in Australian public hospitals providing birthing services.FindingsResponses were received from 542/3850 (14%) midwives from 111 hospitals – 20% worked in caseload, 39% worked in hospitals with caseload but did not work in the model, and 41% worked in hospitals without caseload. Regardless of exposure, midwives expressed support for caseload models, and for increased access to all women regardless of risk. Fifty percent of midwives not working in caseload expressed willingness to work in the model in the future. Flexibility, autonomy and building relationships were positive influencing factors, with on-call work the most common reason midwives did not want to work in caseload.ConclusionsThere was widespread support for and willingness to work in caseload. The findings suggest that the workforce could support increasing access to caseload models at existing and new caseload sites. Exposure to the model provides insight into understanding how the model works, which can positively or negatively influence midwives’ views.     

‘Democracy always comes first’: adolescents’ views on decision-making in everyday life and political democracy

Research shows adolescents to be positively oriented towards democracy, but little is known about what it actually means to them and what their views are on decision-making in both everyday situations and political democracy. To gain insight into these aspects of adolescents’ democratic views, we have interviewed 40 Dutch adolescents from second grade of different types of high school. Potential conflict between various democratic principles prevalent in everyday life situations was discussed and compared to how they view decision-making in political democracy. The results of our qualitative study showed that adolescents’ views on issues concerning collective decision-making in everyday situations are quite rich and reflect different models of democracy (majoritarian, consensual, and deliberative). Moreover, how adolescents deal with tensions between democratic principles in everyday life situations varies. While some adolescents combine several principles (for instance, majority rule as a last resort after trying to find broader consensus), other adolescents tend to strictly focus on only one of these principles. Adolescents’ views on political democracy, however, are rather limited and one-dimensional. Those adolescents who seemed to have a more explicit picture of political democracy often preferred a strict focus on majority rule, neglecting minority interests.     

清代品体文学之论的承传

清代品体文学之论的承传主要体现在三个维面：一是在诗学领域,其体现在袁枚的《续诗品》、顾翰的《补诗品》、曾纪泽的《演司空表圣（诗品）二十四首》及蒋斗南的《诗品目录绝句六章》中;二是在词学领域,其体现在郭摩的《词品》、杨夔生的《续词品》、姚燮的《鸥波词序》及江顺诒的《词品》中;三是在文章学领域,其体现在马荣祖的《文颂》、许奉恩的《文品》及魏谦升的《二十四赋品》中。上述三个维面,从不同的论说视域将传统品体文学之论予以了发扬光大。     

生成语法的语义观

以生成语法的发展阶段为顺序,论述了生成语法自诞生以来对语义态度的变化,并认为生成语法坚持语义内在论,生成语法的语义观与其内在语言观和句法自治论存在内在的联系.