1952年上海"五反"运动始末

上海,因其特殊的经济金融中心地位,在1952年全国范围的"五反"运动中,受到了毛泽东和中共中央的高度重视.中央政府特派薄一波亲来上海坐镇指挥.在薄一波的主持下,上海的"五反"运动在前期群众性揭发检举和坦白交代的基础上,通过三个阶段有组织有计划的"战役"行动,将全市16万余工商户,从行贿、偷税漏税、盗窃国家资财、偷工减料和盗窃国家经济情报五个方面,灵活运用"面对面"的群众批斗形式和"背靠背"的资本家互助互评与自报公议形式,进行了全面的清查.上海市大中小工商业者在此运动中均受到了极大的冲击.     

对现行审判委员会制度的检视——从司法独立的角度澄清审委会改革中的两个重要问题

在我国的司法理论和实践中,对居于法院核心地位的审委会制度一直存在两个认识误区,它们都关系到我国司法独立性问题,必须予以澄清。其实,我国审委会制度的存在并没有影响到法官独立审判人格和法官对案件的决定权,审委会制度特别是审委会对案件的最终决定权与司法独立不存在必然冲突;而审委会错案责任追究制度则严重影响了法官的独立和司法公正,其不应当在审委会制度中确立,其中可引入法官不当行为惩戒制度和法官全面评议制度,以保证司法公正。     

20世纪30年代初长江中下游地区赈灾工作略论——仅以华洋义赈会为例

1931年,长江曾发生全流域大洪水,造成中下游沿江多处溃决,给这一地区社会经济发展造成巨大破坏,给群众生命财产带来重大损失。在赈灾工作中,中外人士联合组成的近代中国最大的国际慈善社会团体、非政府组织和非盈利组织——华洋义赈会受国民政府救济水灾委员会的委托,负责制订施赈方案,并主持长江中下游受灾地区的赈灾工作。华洋义赈会通过采取在灾区举办合作讲习会、组织互助社与合作社等措施,使赈灾工作获得相当的成功。通过开展一系列赈灾工作,华洋义赈会把农村信用合作制度引到了长江、淮河流域,对在受灾地区宣传合作思想,指导并推动合作事业发展,完善防灾重于救灾的理念,促使农民从传统的保守状态向符合近代文明要求的状态转变,提高国民素质,起到了一定的推动作用。     

Toolkit for assessing the readiness of local safeguarding children boards: origins,ingredients and applications

A central plank in the transformation of children's services in England and Wales is the creation on a statutory footing of Local Safeguarding Children Boards in every local authority area. The focus of the boards will be on the promotion, multiagency coordination and scrutiny of services to safeguard and promote children's welfare. They replace Area Child Protection Committees, which were judged to be ineffective. This paper presents the origins, ingredients and applications of an audit and preparation Toolkit designed to support the establishment of the new boards. The Toolkit was developed from the findings of a survey of 204 members of 16 ACPCs by the first author, and has been tested and refined through work with a large number of ACPCs. This survey identified problematic aspects of interagency collaboration that will need remedying if the new boards are to succeed where the previous committees failed. These include: the board's strategic relationship to wider children's planning fora; operational definition of the term ‘safeguarding’; collective accountability; level of membership; performance management capacity; service user consultation. The ingredients of the Toolkit are described in relation to the findings of the survey. The paper concludes with a discussion of the applications and approaches to be considered in using the Toolkit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

美国第十三条宪法修正案生成的路径依赖分析

本文以美国新经济史学家诺斯的路径依赖理论为基础,分析美国第十三条宪法修正案的由来.建国后的美国宪政体制确认了南部蓄奴州与北部自由州的划分,并形成报酬递增型路径依赖.内战前美国宪政机制陷入僵化、锁定的不良路径.强制性制度变迁成为打破僵化宪政体制的必要.美国以南北战争这种强制性制度变迁方式废除了存在美国250年之久的奴隶制度,产生了第十三条宪法修正案,它是美国曾经存在奴隶制度的逻辑产物.     

清末民初“单级教授练习所”研究

“单级教授练习所”是江苏教育总会在清末开展的一项重要研究活动,这项活动从筹办到推广自始自终都有官方的参与,民间与官方在此形成了较为复杂的互动关系:一方面,它是江苏教育会拓展其生存空间的重要方式之一,从一个侧面也反映了社会对政府的监督与制衡;另一方面,政府又何尝不是想借机对民间办学进行力不从心的规划与指引。这种错综复杂的关系远非人们所想象那样简单,官方与民间始终处于紧张状态。     

清末预备立宪公会宪政启蒙传播活动述论

清末预备立宪公会在上海成立后,通过编辑出版宪政书籍、创办公会机关报、与当时上海较大的新闻媒体和出版机构相呼应、筹办法政讲习所和国会研究所等多种传播手段,积极传播宪政知识,努力进行宪政启蒙,使民众摆脱对专制社会的精神依赖,从而为开展政治运动进行了广泛的社会动员.     

Deprived of human rights

Abstract

In June 2018 the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities published a report on the educational system in Spain, in response to some complaints submitted by SOLCOM (Association for Community solidarity and social inclusion of people with functional diversity). The report has had a substantial impact. A few months earlier, in February 2018, people from all over Spain had taken part in a workshop held at the Universidad de Málaga, as part of a research project entitled ‘Emerging Narratives about Inclusive Schools Based on the Social Model of Disability: Resistance, Resilience and Social Change’. The project aims to gather accounts of activist experiences from families and professionals who determinedly struggle to make schools places where all children are recognised through presence, participation, learning and success in the pre-compulsory and post-compulsory education stages. Both the Committee’s report and the statements made by relatives and activists at the workshop illustrated and bore witness to a systematic violation of many children’s right to education solely due to their disability.     

The History and Status of Social Workers in the American Psychoanalytic Association

Historic changes within the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA) in the 1980s eventually allowed social workers and other non-medical professionals to train in clinical psychoanalysis as regular “candidates”. The steps to work through organizational resistance to this change are traced. The present level of activity of those analysts who began as social workers is discussed, with numeric data showing expansion of involvement in training and organizational life. Analysts with a background in social work are beginning to make significant positive contributions to APsaA. There is a more rapid pace of inclusion of analysts from social work in the governance side of APsaA than the educational. The ultimate impact on the organization is difficult to anticipate.