新经济增长理论评析与启示

新经济增长理论强调知识、技术、人力资本对经济增长的巨大作用,打开了索罗"余值"的"黑箱",给出了技术变化一个内生的解释,为人们重新认识经济的长期增长,提供了许多深刻的看法。新经济增长理论也为我国西部地区经济增长提供了很好的启示。在新的历史时期,西部地区经济发展应实施"双重优势战略",切实依靠科技进步,加大知识、技术的投入,加快人力资源培育和开发的步伐,不断创造和完善有利于推进科技进步,充分发挥人力资本作用的制度环境。     

Assessing program impact using latent growth modeling: a primer for the evaluator

Latent growth modeling (LGM) has emerged as a flexible analytic technique for modeling change over time because it can describe developmental processes at both the inter- and intra-individual levels. The LGM method can also provide a means for testing the contribution of other variables in order to explain variability in growth trajectories. This paper didactically illustrates the use of LGM as an analytical tool in program evaluation. Specifically, a hypothetical evaluation of a high school drug prevention program was used to demonstrate: (a) how LGM can be used to assess the longitudinal impact of a prevention program by comparing treatment and control populations with respect to individual differences in initial status and in rate of change; and (b) how predictors of initial status (post-intervention) and growth selected on the basis of a particular program theory can be incorporated in the model to explain program impact. Some advantages and limitations of using LGM in program evaluation are highlighted.     

ICT投资、互联网普及和全要素生产率

本文使用DEA-Malmquist指数方法对2002-2012年我国分行业全要素生产率、技术效率与技术进步进行测算,并基于我国地区投入产出表构建了ICT资本投入强度。在此基础上,本文就ICT投资对生产率的影响进行了实证检验。研究发现,ICT投资对全要素生产率提升具有积极作用,并且主要通过ICT投资促进技术效率提升实现。面板门限回归模型的结果显示,只有达到一定互联网普及率时,ICT投资促进技术效率提升的作用才显现,并在高互联网普及率时进一步增强;但在高互联网普及率下,ICT 投资对技术进步存在抑制作用,在全要素生产率层面表现为ICT 投资的促进作用消失。因此,现实的ICT 投资应重视通过信息化管理提升行业资源的有效利用能力,以最大化技术效率对全要素生产率的贡献;应充分考虑不同行业和地区的互联网普及程度,以深度激发“连接经济”对于释放ICT效能的互补性作用;还应注意配套相应产业政策,以减轻互联网发展对技术进步的阻碍作用。     

中国能源消费静态依赖与动态发展——基于30个省市数据综列协整分析

本文以我国30个省市为横截单元、以1995-2005年时序数据组成综列数据,建立我国省市能源消费的综列协整模型,通过综列单位根和综列协整检验,结果表明,我国各省市的能源消费与经济增长和能源效率之间存在长期均衡。基于这一结论,揭示各省市能源消费静态依赖与动态发展特征,并给出政策建议。     

Alterations in IGF-I affect elderly: role of physical activity

The growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis is an important physiological regulator muscle for development. Although there is evidence that aging muscle retains the ability to synthesize IGF-I, there is also evidence that aging may be associated with attenuation of the ability of exercise to induce an isoform of IGF-I that promotes satellite cell proliferation. However, it is clear that overexpression of IGF-I in the muscle can protect against age-related sarcopenia. Strength training appears to be the intervention of choice for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. IGF-I has been implicated in the loss of the muscle with age, and IGF-I expression levels change as a consequence of strength training in older adults. However, it seems that advancing age, rather than declining serum levels of IGF-I, appears to be a major determinant of life-time changes in body composition in women and men. We concluded that resistive exercise is a significant determinant of muscle mass and function. Elevated levels of IGF-I have been found in physically active compared to sedentary individuals. Recent work suggests that IGF-I as a mediator plays an important role in muscle hypertrophy and angiogenesis, both of which characterize the anabolic adaptation of muscles to exercise.     

Planners' Perspectives on Obstacles to Sustainable Urban Development: Implications for Transformative Planning Strategies

A major problem confronting planning is the gap between transformative proposals and enduring urban development trends. The paper interprets interviews with 62 planners involved in a sustainable urban development strategy in a large region focussed on Toronto, Canada. Surveyed planners were asked about the obstacles they encounter when attempting to modify prevailing urban development. Mentioned obstacles are consistent with expectations arising from three major perspectives on inertia: institutionalism, political economy and path dependence. Interviews also highlight the role of planners' practical knowledge in identifying and interpreting obstacles, and the existence of a consensus among respondents over sustainable urban development.     

从消费界域透视司法改革——司法改革的一个经济学视角

改革,就其本质而言,是相关主体之间价值体系的重新构建,因此确定改革的目标价值是一切改革的关键。在司法改革中,当事人始终是司法活动的最直接受益者,他们通过支付一定的代价获得司法服务,其地位相当于是消费者。从消费界域透视司法改革,首先必须确立以当事人为中心的价值体系,进而确立改革的目标和重点,从而全面、系统地推进司法体制的改革。     

贸易开放、制度变迁与经济增长--基于不同国家规模和发展水平的比较分析

关于经济增长源泉的探讨一直没有停止过。最近的研究已经不满足于对引起经济增长直接原因的讨论,而是分析在这些直接原因的背后,是什么因素决定了一国要素积累和创新的速度。其中国际贸易、制度质量和地理因素这三者被认为是引起经济增长更深层次的原因。对于不同经济发展水平和国家规模的各国而言,这三者在经济增长中的相对作用大小并不完全一致。     

论消费异化有悖于人的全面自由发展

当前我国消费领域中的一些消费现象和消费活动威胁到社会经济的可持续发展,最终也威胁到人的全面自由发展,这样的消费现象和消费活动就是消费异化。它忽视物质能量的转化规律,在社会化经济行为中改变了生产、消费和需要三者间的关系,最终使消费背离它的终极目的。消费异化有悖于人全面而自由地发展,它使人的需要得到畸形满足,一方面是物质需要的过度满足,另一方面是精神需要满足的物质化。在异化消费中,人并没有真正感受到自由,也没有真正获得幸福,更没有在物质丰富的消费社会中获得全面而自由的发展。