农村消费者汽车下乡产品购买行为研究--以创新扩散理论为基础

根据创新扩散理论对汽车下乡产品采纳者进行细分,并通过对7省221个农村居民样本进行数理分析,结果表明：5种类型的汽车下乡产品采纳者在社会经济特征、创新产品或服务的拥有率/尝试率、信息接触渠道、政策评价指标以及消费者价值观方面存在显著差异。     

Evaluating the injury risk associated with All-Terrain Vehicles: An application of Bayes' rule

This article discusses several technical and conceptual issues relating to the regulation of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Qualitative response models are used to analyze a survey of injured persons and a survey of the general population of users. Because the latter did not distinguish injured and noninjured persons, an application of Bayes' rule is used to make inferences about the relationship between the two injury categories, and to consistently estimate injury risk. The article concludes with a discussion of the problem of risk awareness and some policy implications.This article is based on work done while Professor Rubinfeld was a consultant to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The authors wish to thank the CPSC for its support, Steven Shavell for his encouragement, and Paul Ruud for his econometric advice and assistance. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and not of the CPSC.     

Welfare and the unemployment crisis: Sweden in the 1990s

In the 1990s Sweden went through a deep economic recession accompanied by a massive increase in unemployment and a rapidly growing budget deficit. The crisis had large repercussions for the welfare of many citizens and it generated cutbacks in virtually all social policy programmes. This halted a welfare-state expansion that had been going on for decades. It also caused great concern about the state of welfare of the nation. In 1999 the Swedish Government appointed a 'Welfare Commission', a team of academic researchers who were assigned the task of drawing up a balance sheet for the development of welfare in the 1990s. The Commission delivered its final report in October 2001. This article is a condensed account of one of the more central issues for the Commission; namely, how the unemployment crisis affected already socially and economically vulnerable groups. Looking at the development over the entire decade, three groups stand out as particularly disadvantaged in terms of individual welfare resources: young adults, immigrants and single mothers. The downturn for these groups was especially accentuated in terms of employment and income. Young people and immigrants trying to get into the labour market during the crisis years faced the problems of newcomers to the systems of social protection. The poor economic development for single mothers could essentially be attributed to the shortage of work in general and of full-time work in particular that followed from the unemployment crisis. As a consequence, the importance of selective benefits increased and the relative size of all public transfers – despite rationing measures – stayed fairly unchanged. The results highlight the great influence of macroeconomic conditions and policy making for the welfare of vulnerable groups in society.     

新农村建设过程中农村剩余劳动力有效转移的途径和对策

农民收入增长缓慢的问题,可从资源禀赋、市场供求关系和产业结构变化等方面进行分析,而农村劳动力就业不充分则是其中的根本原因。我们可以在对制约着农村剩余劳动力顺利转移的因素进行全面研究的基础上,提供有效转移的途径,并改善其配套对策。     

建设社会主义新农村带根本性的战略选择

统筹城乡发展,改革城乡二元结构是建设社会主义新农村的根本任务;实现城乡二元结构转换是建设社会主义新农村的必要与必然;要抓住新农村建设和二元结构转换的机遇期与关键期,加快我国工业化城市化现代化的发展步伐;积极面对和探析制约新农村建设的现实深层次的矛盾与问题;以科学发展观为指导,大力推进实施城乡二元结构转换的制度创新,为农民提供基本而有保障的公共产品。     

家电下乡"政策的实施现状与绩效评估——基于全国205个村庄的调查

以全国205个村庄所获得的2953份问卷作为研究基础,对“家电下乡”政策的现状与绩效予以分析和评估。研究表明：农民对“家电下乡”政策的整体反响良好,总体评价较高,但政策在实施过程中也存在消费拉动效果不理想、财政补贴吸引力不足等问题。在政策调整方向上,未来应以实现“家电下乡”的社会效益为基本出发点,以提升产品品质为核心,同时进一步提高财政补贴手段的有效性和适用性。     

抗战前长江中下游地区地主城居述析

抗战以前 ,尤其是 2 0世纪二三十年代 ,随着农村社会动荡不安 ,长江中下游地区地主城居的规模和速度日益扩大 ,并且呈现出与此前不同的特点。地主城居在政治上使农村社会基层权力结构中非官方力量制约减弱 ,加重了农村基层政权地痞化和流氓化的趋势 ,基层政权的合法性危机加深。在经济方面 ,地主城居虽然促进了商品经济的发展和城乡经济联系增强 ,但是由于地主城居带走相当数量的现金并造成租佃关系形式的改变 ,加剧了 30年代前期农村金融枯竭和农村破产。     

论农村社会结构与农村体制改革

"三农"问题的形成与我国农村社会从"再分配体制"向"市场体制"转型过程中的结构变迁有密切关联.农户的"原子化"状态、农户"寻求获取资源的方式和路径"方面存在的问题,是"三农"问题形成的根源.解决"三农"问题,必须首先研究中国当前农村社会结构及其存在的问题.在整体把握农村社会结构及其问题的基础上,针对问题,以新发展观作为价值理念,协调农村社会关系、整合农村社会结构作为改革目标,整体设计农村体制改革的内容和有序推进体制改革的路径.     

农村留守老人生活满意状况考察

利用中国人民大学人口发展与研究中心2004年"农村子女外流对迁出地家庭养老的影响"抽样调查的数据,采用Logistic回归法,分析了影响留守老人生活满意状况的因素,定量考察了外出子女数量与留守老人生活满意状况的关系.研究结果表明,外出子女数量、留守老人自身的身体状况、家庭照料和赡养情况、是否感到孤独以及经济收入等因素对留守老人生活满意状况有显著影响,拥有更多子女外出的留守老人对生活满意的可能性要高于较少子女外出的留守老人.     

论农民工身份认同及其影响因素——对武汉市杨园社区餐饮服务员的调查分析

基于时空情境变化的背景,结合对武汉市杨园社区餐饮业农民工的566份调查问卷分析,从农民工主体角度探讨他们对农民这一强制性身份的认同程度及其影响因素。研究发现,较大比例的农民工对农民身份呈模糊认同的状态。在控制其他变量后,入城前居留意愿、大众传媒接触程度、在城从事职业数、月收入满意度、家庭支持外出务工程度、务农时间等6个变量最终影响着农民工身份认同。城市体验、进城期望、乡土记忆对农民工身份认同起着独自、不可替代的作用,且由大到小影响着农民工身份认同。