《林家铺子》的结构艺术

《林家铺子》是矛盾短篇小说代表作之一，有“长短篇”之称。小说虽为“长短篇”，却组织有方，长而不乱，这主要归功于作的结构艺术。其结构特色为：一条主线贯穿始终，使得小说井然有序；情节起伏有致，叙述环环相扣；注意事件的前呼后应，保持有机联系；主线也融线相辅相承。；结尾深化主题，指出在这“大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾米”的社会中真正的受害是贫苦百姓。     

知县蓝鼎元历史品格的解读

在清初潮普地区社会治理实践中，双重性品格亦即实政实治之官与社会中介功能，矛盾性品格亦即理想与现实、保守与先进的矛盾，二者构成了知县蓝鼎元的历史品格，前者体现出了县官群体的一般性特征，后者则为国家与社会、传统与现代、官府与民众等诸多矛盾作用下的必然。人物历史品格研究能够洞察到历史人物内在的共性与特性，不失为拓展清代政治人物研究的一种尝试。     

Elder Abuse in Europe: An Overview of Recent Developments

ABSTRACT

Elder abuse is a global phenomenon. Despite recognition and action several decades ago in a number of countries, in many others the phenomena of abuse and neglect have been much more recently identified as in need of attention. This brief will discuss the situation relating to responses to and interventions in elder abuse that have been evolving in a number of countries in the European region, which are at different stages of development. The examples provided will assist in meeting the worldwide challenge that elder abuse presents.     

Anti-social youth? Disruptions in care and the role of ‘behavioral problems’

This paper explores the mechanisms behind the disturbingly high occurrence of placement disruption among young people in out-of-home care. Discussions have usually been framed in a vocabulary of risk and protection, with the bulk of research designed for singling out factors that correlate with stability and discontinuity in care arrangements. From this research tradition, we have learned that ‘behavioral problems’ are by far the strongest predictor for disruptions in care. By exploring the quality of care as experienced by young people themselves, this study suggests an alternative strategy. Findings suggest that disruptions occur as a result of complex social relations, as when young people struggle to fit in among other troubled youth in demanding residential settings. The paper concludes that labels such as ‘behavioral problems’ may have a reifying effect that individualizes the problem of care disruption while not being particularly helpful in explaining the phenomenon.     

The dependence of marriage migrations in Japan on personal factors and ecological variables

Marriage is an important migration‐inducing life‐cycle event. This paper uses a nested logit model to explain the interprefectural migration behaviors at marriage by personal factors and prefectural attributes, based on the micro data of the 1986 national migration survey of Japan. Before marriage, each person is considered a potential migrant making a two‐level decision: (1) to stay or depart and (2) to choose a destination. The main findings are as follows.

Destination choice propensities were affected by such attributes of potential destination as income (+), employment growth (+), distance (‐), contiguity (+), and linguistic similarity (+). Non‐natives appeared to be less sensitive to the attraction of economic opportunities. Personal factors were less important than prefectural attributes in affecting destination choice propensities.

Departure propensities were affected by not only such attributes of origin prefecture as income (‐), employment growth (‐), and population density (+) but also the “inclusive variable”; (+), which reflected the attractiveness of the rest of the system. Despite being strongly emphasized in the literature, sibling status was less important than gender, nativity and education in affecting departure propensities. Personal factors were much more important than prefectural attributes in determining the departure propensities.     

论社会转型条件下协商民主制度的推进

协商民主作为一种西方民主理论,在本世纪初被译介入中国后,在理论和实践领域迅速走红,并被执政党确定为一种民主制度予以推进。党的十八大对协商民主的认识和需求提升到一个新的水平。转型时期协商民主制度的推进是多种因素结合的产物。当前,协商民主制度的推进要不断完善社会主义宪政制度、积极培育协作性公民社会与协商性文化。     

跨文化交际中的文化语境顺应

Verscheren认为使用语言的过程是不断进行语言选择的过程,它包括语言使用的诸多方面,特别是顺应交际的环境和交际的对象。以Verscheren"顺应论"理论来探讨在跨文化交际中文化语境顺应和顺应的自然与度的问题,以期达到真正意义上的跨文化对话与交流。     

西晋时期的地方军府与州府

魏晋南北朝时期以军府为核心的军事行政体制逐步楔入国家行政体制,军事行政体制侵蚀民政,出现以“军”代“民”的情况。在这一转变过程中,西晋实为关键时期。西晋武帝时期,军府制度先后经过两次重大改革：一是都督制与封王制度相配合;二是罢州郡兵。平吴之后,晋武帝改革的重点在于军政分途,逐步恢复汉代地方制度,即刺史负责监察,民事由郡国守相管理,军事主要由都督负责。西晋后期,政局动荡,地方军权和行政权相互渗透,重新出现军政高度合一的态势,导致都督之权极度扩张,出现了多州都督与郡都督,都督区域的盈缩变化表明了都督本身军政职能与权力的变化。西晋末期,刺史加将军号拥有军权,都督也领刺史而有相当之行政权,拥有军事实力的都督,可以选置刺史、郡太守这一级别的行政官员。都督制度的变化对东晋南朝军制的影响十分深远。     

近年来我国问卷调查方法的新发展

问卷调查是一种介入性研究方式,问卷调查资料是研究者、问卷、访问员、受访者、访谈情境共同建构的结果,而非关于研究对象的“客观事实”。近年来,学者们从“交流准则”、“语境”、“心理二重区域”、“过程控制”的角度对问卷调查进行的反思,深化了对调查误差的认识。抽样的规范化和绘图抽样的使用,是近年来调查抽样的新趋势。     

文学中的模糊语言及其美学意蕴

模糊性是人类语言的一个固有特点.“模糊”是一个科学概念,指的是语义外延界限的不确定性,不等于“滥用”或“误解”.语言模糊性产生的原因大致有四个:生理原因、客观原因、主观原因和语言符号本身的原因.在文学作品中,语言的模糊性是普遍存在的现象,主要表现在四个方面:语义的多义性、语用的多义性、语境的多义性和人物形象的多义性.文学作品之所以广泛使用模糊语言,是因为模糊语言具有丰厚的美学意蕴.