张苍水被捕于象山“南田”考论

张苍水被捕于象山"南田"的悬岙而非舟山洋面上的一个荒岛,早被许多权威性的史料所证实,尤其为曾与张苍水有过非同寻常交往的史学大师黄宗羲与全祖望所证实.至于清<圣祖实录>中有关张苍水的记载不但没有否定张苍水被捕于象山"南田"的史实,反而又从一个侧面予以了证实.     

Optimizing inventory and marketing policy for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with generalized type deterioration and holding cost rates

This paper considers an inventory system with non-instantaneous deteriorating item in which demand rate is a function of advertisement of an item and selling price. This paper aids the retailer in maximizing the total profit by determining optimal inventory and marketing parameters. In contrast to previous inventory models, an arbitrary holding cost rate and arbitrary deterioration rate have been incorporated to provide general framework to the model. First, a mathematical model is formulated and then some useful theoretical results have been framed to characterize the optimal solutions. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions are also derived. An algorithm is designed to find the optimum solutions of the proposed model. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the algorithmic procedure and the effects of key parameters are studied to analyze the behavior of the model.     

金融创新背景下我国货币政策中介目标的选择

金融创新改变了货币需求的稳定性和货币供给的可控性,直接影响了货币供应量这一政策中介目标的效果。从短期来看,由于我国目前金融创新层次较低,货币政策中介目标还可继续沿用货币供应量;从长远来看,金融创新的日益丰富势必影响该中介指标的可用性,因此必然要寻求其他更具适应性的中介指标,对货币政策予以调整。发展方向宜将中介目标和最终目标合而为一,转向通货膨胀定标。     

玩忽职守罪主体问题探析

目前，理论界和实务界对于玩忽职守罪主体的界定存在很大争议，尤其表现在对特殊主体的认定上。笔者认为，党政人员和人民团体的成员可以成为本罪的主体，人大代表不能成为本罪的主体，具有双重身份的工作人员和基层群众性自治组织的人员在代表国家从事公务时可以成为本罪的主体。     

多脉冲PPK的编码调制基本分析

分析了多脉冲ＰＰＫ编码调制方式的基本性能，给出了脉冲ＰＰＫ调制器调制的传信率计算式，指出了它的信号空间与冗余性的特点，证明了多脉冲ＰＰＫ不但优于单脉冲ＰＰＫ，而且在适当信号设计的条件下，在传信率上甚至优于二进制ＯＯＫ。     

Do Drivers of Small Cars Take Less Risk in Everyday Driving?

Previously reported observed data on risky everyday driving are brought together and reanalyzed in order to focus on the relation between risky driving and the size of the car being driven, as indicated by car mass. The measures of risky driving include separation between vehicles in heavy freeway traffic and speed on a two lane road. Observed seat belt use provides a third measure of driver risk. Confounding effects arising from the observed association between car mass and driver age are taken into account by segmenting the data into three driver age groups. Driver risk taking is found to increase with increasing car mass for each of these three aspects of everyday driving. The implications of these results with respect to driver fatality rates are discussed in terms of a simple model relating observed risky driving to the likelihood of involvement in a severe crash.     

Women's Scientific Employment and Family Formation: A Longitudinal Perspective

We focus here on the retention of highly qualified women scientists in science‐based employment in England and Wales. Using linked Census records from the Longitudinal Study 1971–1991 we show that women's education and employment rates in science, engineering and technology increased somewhat, although some fields show persistently low representation. We then compare retention in employing women with health‐related degrees with that of women with degrees in science, engineering and technology, showing that the latter group has markedly lower retention rates. Those who stay on in science‐based employment have children later than other types of graduate and their rates of non‐motherhood are higher. Four‐fifths of women in health‐related occupations were mothers, compared to only two‐fifths in science, engineering and technology. Our findings have implications for policymakers who wish to make best use of the knowledge base: attention should be paid to retention, as well as the more usual focus on qualifications and recruitment. The findings also suggest the potential for institutionally based theories to explain why highly qualified women have such low retention rates in science‐based employment.     

Risk premiums in asset prices and returns

We review recent research on time-varying risk premiums, including attempts to explain rejections by baillie and others of the unbiasedness hypothesis. Using spot and forward foreign exchange rates we discuss the evidence for time-varying risk premiums, relate it to general equilibrium theories of asset pricing, and describe the artificial economy methodology.     

When police patrols matter. The effect of police proximity on citizens’ crime risk perception

Crime risk perception is known to be an important determinant of individual well-being. It is therefore crucial that we understand the factors affecting this perception so that governments can identify the (public) policies that might reduce it. Among such policies, public resources devoted to policing emerge as a key instrument not only for tackling criminal activity but also for impacting on citizens’ crime risk perception. In this framework, the aim of this study is to analyze both the individual and neighbourhood determinants of citizens’ crime risk perception in the City of Barcelona (Spain) focusing on the effect of police proximity and taking into account the spatial aspects of neighbourhood characteristics. After controlling for the possible problems of the endogeneity of police forces and crime risk perception and the potential sorting of individuals across neighbourhoods, the results indicate that crime risk perception is reduced when non-victims exogenously interact with police forces. Moreover, neighbourhood variables, such as proxies of social capital and the level of incivilities, together with individual characteristics have an impact on citizens’ crime risk perception.     

玩忽职守罪的因果关系法律问题研究

目前,玩忽职守犯罪在职务性犯罪中呈现出高发态势,严重影响了国家机关的公信力,也给国家和人民造成了重大损失。但目前司法实践中对玩忽职守罪因果关系认定比较难。玩忽职守罪因果关系本质与其归责在国内外刑法学界至今争论不已,本文以案例作为出发点,对各种理论和观点进行分析批判基础上提出客观归责理论并予以论证,同时对玩忽职守罪因果关系相关问题进行探讨。